Simulation study on cosmic ray background at large zenith angle based on GRANDProto35 coincidence array experiment

Xiang-Li Qian; Xu Wang; Hui-Ying Sun; Zhen Wang; Martineau-Huynh Olivier

doi:10.1007/s41365-020-00841-3

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Simulation study on cosmic ray background at large zenith angle based on GRANDProto35 coincidence array experiment

NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH | Updated：2021-02-22

- Simulation study on cosmic ray background at large zenith angle based on GRANDProto35 coincidence array experiment
- Nuclear Science and Techniques Vol. 32, Issue 1, Article number: 5(2021)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.School of Intelligent Engineering, Shandong Management University, Jinan 250357, China
  2.Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
  3.Sorbonne Universite, Universite Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite, CNRS/IN2P3, LPNHE, Paris, France
- Author bio：
  
  Corresponding author, wangxu@sdmu.edu.cn
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1007/s41365-020-00841-3
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Xiang-Li Qian, Xu Wang, Hui-Ying Sun, et al. Simulation study on cosmic ray background at large zenith angle based on GRANDProto35 coincidence array experiment. [J]. Nuclear Science and Techniques 32(1):5(2021)
DOI：

Xiang-Li Qian, Xu Wang, Hui-Ying Sun, et al. Simulation study on cosmic ray background at large zenith angle based on GRANDProto35 coincidence array experiment. [J]. Nuclear Science and Techniques 32(1):5(2021) DOI： 10.1007/s41365-020-00841-3.

摘要

Abstract

Neutrino detection in the 100 PeV energy region is the ultimate means of studying the origin of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, which the large radio detection array Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection (GRAND) Project aims to use to decipher this century-old problem. The GRANDProto35 compact array is a microform of 35 radio prototype detectors for the GRAND experiment, which verifies the reliability of GRAND performance through operation, and data analysis of the prototype detectors. As radio detectors are a novel development in recent years, and their indexes need to be verified by traditional detectors, the GRAND Cooperation Group designed and constructed the GRANDProto35 coincidence array composed of radio detectors and scintillation detectors. This study simulated the changes in detection efficiency, effective area, and event rate of cosmic rays with zenith angle based on this coincidence array. The study found that the 10,17, eV energy region is sensitive to GRANDProto35 detection. When the energy exceeded 10,17, eV, the array detection efficiency could reach more than 95 % and the effective area was up to ,∼,2×10,6, m,2,. A simulation study on cosmic ray events with large zenith angles showed that the event rate detected by the array decreased significantly with increasing zenith angle, and the event rate of cosmic rays was approximately 0.1 per day for a zenith angle of 75. This serves as the background pollution rate for neutrino observation caused by large-angle cosmic-ray events, providing an important reference for further experiments. The study results will be verified after the joint operation of the coincidence array.

关键词

Keywords

GRANDProto35GEANT4Scintillation detectorCosmic ray

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Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Sorbonne Universite, Universite Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cite

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