Investigation of combined degrader for Proton facility based on BDSIM/FLUKA Monte Carlo methods

Man-Fen Han; Jin-Xing Zheng; Xian-Hu Zeng; Jun-Song Shen

doi:10.1007/s41365-022-01002-4

Your Location：

Home >

Browse articles >

Investigation of combined degrader for Proton facility based on BDSIM/FLUKA Monte Carlo methods

ACCELERATOR, RAY TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS | Updated：2022-03-18

- Investigation of combined degrader for Proton facility based on BDSIM/FLUKA Monte Carlo methods
- Nuclear Science and Techniques Vol. 33, Issue 2, Article number: 17(2022)
- Affiliations：
  
  1.Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
  2.University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Author bio：
  
  xhzeng@ipp.ac.cn
- Funds：
- DOI：10.1007/s41365-022-01002-4
  CLC：
Scan for full text
Man-Fen Han, Jin-Xing Zheng, Xian-Hu Zeng, et al. Investigation of combined degrader for Proton facility based on BDSIM/FLUKA Monte Carlo methods. [J]. Nuclear Science and Techniques 33(2):17(2022)
DOI：

Man-Fen Han, Jin-Xing Zheng, Xian-Hu Zeng, et al. Investigation of combined degrader for Proton facility based on BDSIM/FLUKA Monte Carlo methods. [J]. Nuclear Science and Techniques 33(2):17(2022) DOI： 10.1007/s41365-022-01002-4.

摘要

Abstract

The significant advantage of proton therapy over other particle-based techniques is in the unique physical characteristics of the Bragg peak. It can achieve a highly conformal dose distribution and maximize the probability of tumor control by varying the irradiation energy. Most proton facilities use cyclotrons for fixed energy beam extraction and are equipped with degrader and collimator systems for energy modulation and emittance suppression. However, interactions between charged particles and degrader materials inevitably cause beam loss and divergence, and deteriorate beam performance, which present great challenges for downstream transport and clinical treatment. In this work, we investigate a method of energy reduction by combining boron carbide and graphite in a degrader to obtain greater beam transmission at lower energy. The results demonstrate that the beam size and emittance at the exit of the combined degrader diverge less than those of multi-wedge one in the energy range of 70−160 MeV. Correspondingly, the transmission efficiency after the first dipole also shows improvements of 36.26% at 70 MeV and 70.55% at 110 MeV. As a component with a high activity level, the degrader causes additional ambient radiation during operation. Residual induced radiation even remains several hours after system shutdown. Analysis of material activation and induced radiation based on 1 h irradiation with a 400 nA beam current show that the combined degrader has a definite advantage in shielding despite producing more secondary particles. Both radioactivity and average ambient dose equivalent are reduced by 50% compared with the multi-wedge degrader at the important cooling time of 1 h. After 12 h and 24 h of cooling, the radiation levels of degraders decrease slightly due to the presence of long half-life residual nuclides. The average dose generated from the multi-wedge degrader is still 1.25 times higher than that of the combined one.

关键词

Keywords

Proton therapyDegraderBoron carbideTransmission efficiencyRadionuclideAmbient dose equivalent

references

X.H. Zeng, J.X. Zheng, Y.-T. Song et al, Beam optics study for energy selection system of SC200 superconducting proton cyclotron. Nucl. Sci. Tech. 29, 134 (2018). doi: 10.1007/s41365-018-0462-5http://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-018-0462-5

https://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/Star/Text/PSTAR.htmlhttps://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/Star/Text/PSTAR.html

V. Rizzoglio, A. Adelmann, C. Baumgarten et al., On the accuracy of Monte Carlo based beam dynamics models for the degrader in proton therapy facilities. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A. 898, 1-10 (2018). doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2018.04.057http://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2018.04.057

V. Rizzoglio, A. Adelmann, C. Baumgarten et al., Evolution of a beam dynamics model for the transport line in a proton therapy facility. Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams. 20, 124702 (2017). doi: 10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.20.124702http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.20.124702

E. Oponowicz, H.L. Owen, S. Psoroulas et al., Geometry optimisation of graphite energy degrader for proton therapy. Phys. Med. 76, 227-235 (2020). doi: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.06.023http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.06.023

S. Psoroulas, D. Meer, E. Oponowicz et al., Mean excitation energy determination for Monte Carlo simulations of boron carbide as degrader material for proton therapy. Phys. Med. 80, 111-118 (2020). doi: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.09.017http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.09.017

M.J. van Goethem, R. van der Meer, H.W. Reist et al., Geant4 simulations of proton beam transport through a carbon or beryllium degrader and following beam line. Phys. Med. Biol. 54, 5831-5846 (2009). doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/54/19/011http://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/54/19/011

V. Anferov, Energy degrader optimization for medical beam lines. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A. 496, 222-227 (2003). doi: 10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01625-Xhttp://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(02)01625-X

A. Gerbershagen, C. Baumgarten, D. Kiselev et al., Measurements and simulations of boron carbide as degrader material for proton therapy. Phys. Med. Biol. 61, N337-N348 (2016). doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/61/14/N337http://doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/61/14/N337

Z.K. Liang, K.F. Liu, X. Liu et al., Study of an energy degrader made of B4C/graphite composites. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 90, 086101 (2019). doi: 10.1063/1.5107454http://doi.org/10.1063/1.5107454

F. Jiang, Y.-T. Song, J.-X. Zheng et al., Energy loss of degrader in SC200 proton therapy facility. Nucl. Sci. Tech. 30, 4 (2019). doi: 10.1007/s41365-018-0526-6http://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-018-0526-6

C.-M. Charlie Ma, Tony Lomax, Proton and Carbon Ion Therapy. (CRC Press, 2012), pp.29-48

L.J. Nevay, S.T. Boogert, J. Snuverink et al., BDSIM: An Accelerator Tracking Code with Particle-Matter Interactions, Comput. Phys. Commun. 252, 107200, (2020). doi: 10.1016/j.cpc.2020.107200http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2020.107200

S. Agostinelli, J. Allison, K. Amako et al., Geant4—A simulation toolkit, Nucl. Instrum. Methods A. 506, 250-303 (2003). doi: 10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01368-8http://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9002(03)01368-8

https://geant4-userdoc.web.cern.ch/UsersGuides/PhysicsListGuide/html/index.htmlhttps://geant4-userdoc.web.cern.ch/UsersGuides/PhysicsListGuide/html/index.html

T.T. Böhlen, F. Cerutti, M.P.W. Chin et al., The FLUKA Code: Developments and challenges for high energy and medical applications. Nucl. Data Sheets. 120, 211-214 (2014). doi: 10.1016/j.nds.2014.07.049http://doi.org/10.1016/j.nds.2014.07.049

A. Ferrari, P. Sala, A. Fasso et al., Fluka: a multi-particle transport code. Technical Report (2005). doi: 10.2172/877507http://doi.org/10.2172/877507

J.-L. Wang, L.A. Cruz, Q.-B. Wu et al., Radiation shielding design of a compact single-room proton therapy based on synchrotron. Nucl. Sci. Tech. 31, 1 (2020). doi: 10.1007/s41365-019-0712-1http://doi.org/10.1007/s41365-019-0712-1

V. Vlachoudis, FLAIR: a powerful but user friendly graphical interface for FLUKA. Proc. Int. Conf. On mathematics, computational methods & reactor physics (M&C 2009), Saratoga Springs, New York, 2009. http://flair.web.cern.ch/flair/doc/Flair_MC2009.pdfhttp://flair.web.cern.ch/flair/doc/Flair_MC2009.pdf

X.H. Zeng, Y.T. Song, J.X. Zheng et al., Investigation of multi-intensity compensation for a medical proton therapy facility using the quadrupole scanning method. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A. 935, 161-166 (2019). doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2019.05.023http://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.05.023

Harald Paganetti, Chris Beltran, Stefan Both, et al., Roadmap: proton therapy physics and biology. Phys. Med. Biol. 66, 05RM01(2021). doi: 10.1088/1361-6560/abcd16http://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/abcd16

W. C. Hsi, M. F. Moyers, D. Nichiporov et al., Energy spectrum control for modulated proton beams. Med. Phys. 36, 2297-2308 (2009). doi: 10.1118/1.3132422http://doi.org/10.1118/1.3132422

O. Jäkel, Physical advantages of particles: protons and light ions. Br. J. Radiol. 93, 20190428, (2020). doi: 10.1259/bjr.20190428http://doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20190428

J.L. Campbell, W. Leiper, K.W.D. Ledingham et al., The ratio of K-capture to positon emission in the decay of 11C. Nucl. Phys. A. 96, 279-287 (1967). doi: 10.1016/0375-9474(67)90712-9http://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(67)90712-9

Views

Downloads

CSCD

Alert me when the article has been cited

Submit

Tools

Publicity Resources

Beam optics study for energy selection system of SC200 superconducting proton cyclotron

Design and performance study of a dielectric-filled cavity beam current monitor for HUST-PTF

A new imaging mode based on X-ray CT as prior image and sparsely sampled projections for rapid clinical proton CT

GPU-based cross-platform Monte Carlo proton dose calculation engine in the framework of Taichi

Static superconducting gantry-based proton CT combined with X-ray CT as prior image for FLASH proton therapy

Related Author

No data

Related Institution

Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka

State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences

University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Address：Editorial Office of NST, 2019 Jialuo Road, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China Postal code：201800
Email：nst@sinap.ac.cn
Technical support is provided by Beijing Founder electronics co., LTD 沪ICP备05005479号-1 京公网安备11010802024621
It is recommended to read the content of this site in Chrome&IE9+. Please switch to extreme mode in browser 360.
Cookies We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. By continuing, you agree to the use of cookies.

⁰