GATE simulation based feasibility studies of in-beam PET monitoring in <sup>12</sup>C beam cancer therapy

Jing WU; Yaqiang LIU; Tianyu MA; Qingyang WEI; Shi WANG; Jianping CHENG

doi:10.13538/j.1001-8042/nst.21.275-280

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GATE simulation based feasibility studies of in-beam PET monitoring in ¹²C beam cancer therapy

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- GATE simulation based feasibility studies of in-beam PET monitoring in ¹²C beam cancer therapy
- GATE simulation based feasibility studies of in-beam PET monitoring in ¹²C beam cancer therapy
- 核技术（英文版） 2010年21卷第5期
- 作者机构：
  
  1.Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging, Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- 作者简介：
  
  Corresponding author. E-mail address: maty@tsinghua.edu.cn
  
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- 基金信息：
  
  Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education;Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry and National Natural Science Foundation of China;National High Technology Research and Development Program of China
- DOI：10.13538/j.1001-8042/nst.21.275-280 中图分类号：
- 纸质出版日期：2010-10-20，
  
  收稿日期：2010-08-06，
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引用本文
Jing WU, Yaqiang LIU, Tianyu MA, 等. GATE simulation based feasibility studies of in-beam PET monitoring in ¹²C beam cancer therapy[J]. 核技术（英文版）, 2010, 21(5):275-280.

Jing WU, Yaqiang LIU, Tianyu MA, et al. GATE simulation based feasibility studies of in-beam PET monitoring in ¹²C beam cancer therapy[J]. Nuclear Science and Techniques, 2010, 21(5):275-280.
Jing WU, Yaqiang LIU, Tianyu MA, 等. GATE simulation based feasibility studies of in-beam PET monitoring in ¹²C beam cancer therapy[J]. 核技术（英文版）, 2010, 21(5):275-280. DOI： 10.13538/j.1001-8042/nst.21.275-280.

Jing WU, Yaqiang LIU, Tianyu MA, et al. GATE simulation based feasibility studies of in-beam PET monitoring in ¹²C beam cancer therapy[J]. Nuclear Science and Techniques, 2010, 21(5):275-280. DOI： 10.13538/j.1001-8042/nst.21.275-280.

GATE simulation based feasibility studies of in-beam PET monitoring in 12 C beam cancer therapy 1 first-author 1 1 corresp Corresponding author. E-mail address: maty@tsinghua.edu.cn Corresponding author. E-mail address: maty@tsinghua.edu.cn maty@tsinghua.edu.cn 1 1 1 Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging, Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging, Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China In comparison with conventional radiotherapy techniques, 12 C beam therapy has its significant advantage in cancer treatment because the radiation dose are mostly concentrated near the Bragg peak region and damage to normal tissues along the beam path is thus greatly reduced. In-beam PET provides a way to monitor dose distribution inside human body since several kinds of positron-emitting nuclei are produced through the interaction between 12 C beam and body matters. In this work, we study the quantitative relationship between the spatial location of the Bragg peak and the spatial distribution of positrons produced by positron-emitting nuclei. Monte Carlo package GATE is used to simulate the interactions between the incident 12 C beam of different energies (337.5, 270.0 and 195.0 MeV/u) and various target matters (water, muscle and spine bone). Several data post-processing operations are performed on the simulated positron-emitting nuclei distribution data to mimic the impacts of positron generation and finite spatial resolution of a typical PET imaging system. Simulation results are compared to published experimental data for verification. In all the simulation cases, we find that 10 C and 11 C are two dominant positron-emitting nuclei, and there exists a significant correlation between the spatial distributions of deposited energy and positrons. Therefore, we conclude that it is possible to determine the location of Bragg peak with 1 mm accuracy using current PET imaging systems by detecting the falling edge of the positron distribution map in depth direction. Monte Carlo simulation Heavy-ion therapy Positron emission tomography (PET) In-beam monitoring Bragg peak References Jäkel O , Schulz-Ertner D , Karger C P , et al . Technol. Cancer Res Treat , 2003 , 2 : 377 - 387 . Technol. Cancer Res Treat Olsen D R , Bruland Øyvind S , Frykholm G , et al . Radiother. Oncol ., 2007 , 83 : 123 - 132 . Radiother. Oncol Char D H , Kroll S M ., Castro J . Am J Ophthalmol , 1998 , 125 : 81 - 89 . Am J Ophthalmol Tsujii H , Mizoe J , Kamada T , et al . Radiother Oncol , 2004 , 73 : 41 - 49 . Radiother Oncol Tsujii H , Kamada T , Baba M , et al . New J. Phys ., 2008 , 10 : 075009 ( 16 pp). New J. Phys Agostinelli S , Allison J , Amako K , et al . Nucl. Instrum. Methods , 2003 , 506 : 250 - 303 . Nucl. Instrum. Methods Pshenichno I , Mishustin I , Greiner W . Phys. Med. Biol ., 2005 , 50 : 5493 - 5507 . Phys. Med. Biol Pshenichnov I , Larionov A , Mishustin I , et al . Phys. Med. Biol ., 2007 , 52 : 7295 - 7312 . Phys. Med. Biol Fiedler F , Crespo P , Parodi K , et al . IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci ., 2006 , 53 : 2252 - 2259 . IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci Jan S , Santin G , Strul D , et al . Phys. Med. Biol ., 2004 , 49 : 4543 - 4561 . Phys. Med. Biol Yao W M ., Amsler C , Asner D , et al . J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys ., 2006 , 33 : 252 - 296 . J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys Ahlen S P . Rev Mod Phys , 1980 , 52 : 121 - 173 . Rev Mod Phys Parodi K , Enghardt W , Haberer T . Phys Med Biol , 2002 , 47 : 21 - 36 . Phys Med Biol Cherry S R , Sorenson J A , Phelps M E . Physics in Nuclear Medicine . Pennsylvania : W.B. Saunders , 2003 , 328 - 333 . Physics in Nuclear Medicine Derenzo S E . IEEE Trans. Nucl Sci , 1986 , 33 : 565 - 569 . IEEE Trans. Nucl Sci Shao Y , Yao R , Ma T . Med Phys , 2008 , 35 : 5829 - 5840 . Med Phys Yao R , Ma T , Shao Y . IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci ., 2009 , 56 : 2651 - 2658 . IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci 10.13538/j.1001-8042/nst.21.275-280 This work was supported in part by Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (SRFDP200800031071) , National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10975086) , and the National High Technology Research and Development Program ( "863" Program) of China (No. 2006AA020802) . 2010-08-06 2010-10-20 2021-01-19 2010 Nuclear Science and Techniques 05 21

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GATE simulation based feasibility studies of in-beam PET monitoring in 12C beam cancer therapy

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