Monte carlo study on 6 MV photon beams of a CyberKnife® stereotactic radiosurgery system

Monte carlo study on 6 MV photon beams of a CyberKnife® stereotactic radiosurgery system 1 first-author 1 corresp Corresponding author. E-mail address: wyluo@shu.edu.cn Corresponding author. E-mail address: wyluo@shu.edu.cn wyluo@shu.edu.cn 1 1 1 1 2 2 Shanghai Applied Radiation Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China Shanghai Applied Radiation Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China Cyberknife center, Hua Shan Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, Fu Dan University, Shanghai 201206, China Cyberknife center, Hua Shan Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, Fu Dan University, Shanghai 201206, China In this paper, the beam quality and percent depth dose curves for different field sizes of CyberKnife® system were investigated by Monte Carlo simulations using the PENELOPE code, which has been used to simulate 6 MV photon beam. In water phantom, the absolute doses were calculated for Φ 10–60 mm collimators, and percent depth dose curves were evaluated for Φ 30–60 mm collimators. The agreement of dose distributions of the calculation with measurement was within 3.0%. The mean energy of photon spectrum was 1.46 MeV, and the beam quality index was 0.632, which was slightly smaller than that of measurement. Monte Carlo PENELOPE CyberKnife Beam quality Percent depth dose References Adler J R , Chang S D , Murphy M J , et al . Stereotact Funct Neurosurg , 1997 , 69 : 124 - 128 . Stereotact Funct Neurosurg Shiomi H , Inoue T , Nakamura S , et al . Radiat Med , 2000 , 18 ( 2 ): 107 - 113 . Radiat Med Chang S D , Main W , Martin D P , et al . Neurosurg , 2003 , 52 : 140 - 146 . Neurosurg Deng J , Guerrero T , Ma C M , et al . Phys Med Biol , 2004 , 49 : 1689 - 1704 . Phys Med Biol Salvat F , Fernández-Varea J M , Sempau J . PENELOPE-2006: A Code System for Monte Carlo Simulation of Electron and Photon Transport , Barcelona , 2006 , 4 - 7 . PENELOPE-2006: A Code System for Monte Carlo Simulation of Electron and Photon Transport Fujio A . Med Phys , 2006 , 33 ( 8 ): 2955 - 2963 . Med Phys Yamamoto T , Teshima T , Miyajima S , et al . Radiat Medic , 2002 , 20 ( 6 ): 305 - 310 . Radiat Medic Lymperopoulou G , Petrokokkinos L , Papagiannis P , et al . Nucl Instrum Meth Phys Res A , 2007 , 580 : 548 - 551 . Nucl Instrum Meth Phys Res A Castellano G , Brusa D , Carrara M , et al . Nucl Instrum Meth Phys Res A , 2007 , 580 : 502 - 505 . Nucl Instrum Meth Phys Res A MCNP-A General Monte Carlo N-particle transport code , http://mcnp-green.lanl.gov/ MCNP-A General Monte Carlo N-particle transport code Distribution area for egs4unix_3.0 , http://www.irs.inms.nrc.ca/EGS4/get_egs4.html Distribution area for egs4unix_3.0 Geant4 user’s guide , http://geant4.web.cern.ch/geant4/ Geant4 user’s guide Andreo P , Burns D T , Hohlfeld K , et al . Technical Report Series 398: Absorbed dose determination in external beam radiotherapy: an international code of practice for dosimetry based on standards of absorbed dose to water , 2000 , 190 - 388 . Technical Report Series 398: Absorbed dose determination in external beam radiotherapy: an international code of practice for dosimetry based on standards of absorbed dose to water Podgorsak E B . Radiat oncolo phys , IAEA , VIENNA, Austria , 2005 , 190 . Radiat oncolo phys Almond P R , Biggs P J , Coursey B M , et al . The AAPM's TG-51 Protocol for Clinical Reference Dosimetry of High-Energy Beams , Med Phys , 1999 , 26 ( 9 ): 1847 - 1870 . The AAPM's TG-51 Protocol for Clinical Reference Dosimetry of High-Energy Beams ICRU Report-24: In Determination of Absorbed Dose in a Patient Irradiated by Beams of X or Gamma Rays in Radiotherapy Procedures , ICRU , Washington DC , 1976 . ICRU Report-24: In Determination of Absorbed Dose in a Patient Irradiated by Beams of X or Gamma Rays in Radiotherapy Procedures ICRU Report-42: In Use of Computers in External Beam Radiotherapy Procedures with High Energy Photons and Electrons , ICRU , Washington DC , 1987 . ICRU Report-42: In Use of Computers in External Beam Radiotherapy Procedures with High Energy Photons and Electrons GB 15213-94, Medical electron accelerators-Functional performance characteristics and test methods , 1994 . (in Chinese) Kong X , Zhao H , Li Q , et al . High Ener Phys Nucl Phys 2005 , 29 ( 9 ): 903 - 906 . (in Chinese) High Ener Phys Nucl Phys 10.13538/j.1001-8042/nst.21.16-19 Supported by Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (08JC1410200) and Shanghai Leading Academic Disciplines (S30109) . 2009-08-10 2010-02-20 2021-01-19 2010 Nuclear Science and Techniques 01 21