Measurements of natural radionuclides in soil samples from Upper Egypt

Measurements of natural radionuclides in soil samples from Upper Egypt 1 corresp first-author Corresponding author. E-mail address: s.harb@web.de Corresponding author. E-mail address: s.harb@web.de s.harb@web.de 1 1 1 2 Physics Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt Physics Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt Center for Radiation Protection and Radioecology, Hanover University (ZSR), D-30419 Hanover, Germany Center for Radiation Protection and Radioecology, Hanover University (ZSR), D-30419 Hanover, Germany This paper presents the results of natural radioactivity measured for the soil of Qena using gamma-ray spectrometry at ZSR, Hanover University, Germany. Soil samples of radioactive concentrations of 238 U-series ( 234 Th, 214 Pb, and 214 Bi), 232 Th-series ( 228 Ac, 212 Pb, and 208 Tl) and 40 K were analyzed. Three objectives were set: (1) activity levels by surface soil sampling at 0~30 cm depth, (2) dose rates of gamma radiation, radium equivalent, index hazard, and effective dose, and (3) ambient dose rates. Soil Environmental radioactivity Gamma spectrometry Radiation exposure Ambient dose References Quindos L S ., Fernandez PL , Soto J , et al . Health Phys , 1994 , 66 : 194 - 200 . Health Phys Harb S , Thesis Z S R . Hannover University, Germany , 2004 . http://www.zsr.uni-hannover.de/arbeiten/drharb.pdf . Hannover University, Germany International standards organization (ISO) . Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement , ISO , Geneva , 1995 . Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements , ICRU Report 53 , 1994 . ICRU Report 53 Kemski J , Klingel R , Siehl A , Umweltradioaktivität, Ernst und Sohn Verlag , 1996 . Umweltradioaktivität, Ernst und Sohn Verlag Beretka J , Mathew P J . Health Phys , 1985 , 48 : 87 - 95 . Health Phys NEA-OECD , Report by NEA Group of Experts . OECD , Paris , 1979 . Report by NEA Group of Experts UNSCEAR: Report to General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes, Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation , New York : United Nations , 2000 . UNSCEAR: Report to General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes, Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation Tahir S N A , Jamil K , Zaidi H J , et al . Radia Prot Dosi , 2005 , 113 : 421 - 427 . Radia Prot Dosi Jibiri N N , Farai I P . Radioprotection , 2005 , 40 : 489 - 501 . Radioprotection UNSCEAR: Report to General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes, Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation , New York : United Nations , 1988 . UNSCEAR: Report to General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes, Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation UNSCEAR Report to General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes, Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation , New York : United Nations , 1977 . UNSCEAR Report to General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes, Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation Abbady A G E , Uosif M A M , El-Taher A . J Envir Radio , 2005 , 84 : 65 - 78 . J Envir Radio Marouf B A , Mohamed A S , Taha J S. Sci. Tot. Environm . 1993 , 133 : 133 - 137 . Taha J S. Sci. Tot. Environm 10.1016/S1001-8042(09)60008-7 X125,TL817. + 2 2008-07-02 2008-10-20 2021-01-19 2008 Nuclear Science and Techniques 05 19