A compound spike model for formation of nuclear tracks in solids

A compound spike model for formation of nuclear tracks in solids 1 corresp first-author E-mail: marana@alumni.nus.edu.sg E-mail: marana@alumni.nus.edu.sg marana@alumni.nus.edu.sg Physics Division, Directorate of Science, PINSTECH, P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan Physics Division, Directorate of Science, PINSTECH, P.O. Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan Formation of nuclear tracks in solids has been described as a thermal spike as well as a Coulomb explosion spike. Here, formation of nuclear tracks is described as a compound spike including partial roles of both thermal and Coulomb explosion spikes in track formation. Fractional roles of both spikes depend on atomic and electronic structure of a track detector and deposited energy density in the track detector by the incident charged particle. Behavior of the cylindrical zone along the path of the incident particle is described mathematically in terms of bulk and individual atomic flow or movement. Defect structure of the latent nuclear tracks is described and conditions of continuity and discontinuity of latent tracks are evaluated and discussed. This paper includes mathematical description, analysis and evaluation of the nuclear track formation issue in the light of published experimental and theoretical results, which are useful for users of nuclear track detection technique and researchers involved in ion beam induced materials modification and ions implantation in semiconductors. Nuclear track detection technique Track formation Compound spike model Defects Nanostructure References Fleischer R L , Price P B , Walker R M . Nuclear tracks in solids-principles and applications . Berkeley : University of California Press , 1975 . Nuclear tracks in solids-principles and applications Dartyge E , Daraud J P , Langevin Y , et al . Phys Rev B , 1981 , 23 : 5213 - 5229 . Phys Rev B Tombrello T A , Wie C R , Itoh N , et al . Phys Lett A , 1984 , 100 : 42 - 44 . Phys Lett A Kucheyev S O , Timmers H , Zou J , et al . J Appl Phys , 2004 , 95 : 5360 - 5365 . J Appl Phys Rana M A , Osipowicz T , Choi H W , et al . Chem Phys Lett , 2003 , 380 : 105 - 110 . Chem Phys Lett Herre O , Wesch W , Wendler E , et al . Phys Rev B , 1998 , 58 : 4832 - 4837 . Phys Rev B Tombrello T A . Nucl Instr Meth B , 1984 , 2 : 555 - 563 . Nucl Instr Meth B Northrup J E , Neugebauer J . Phys Rev B , 1996 , 53 : R10477 - R10480 . Phys Rev B Rana M A , Qureshi I E , Manzoor S , et al . Nucl Instr Meth B , 2001 , 179 : 249 - 254 . Nucl Instr Meth B Virk H S , Modgil S K , Bhatia R K . Nucl Tracks and Radiat Meas , 1986 , 11 : 323 - 325 . Nucl Tracks and Radiat Meas Green P F , Duddy I R , Gleadow A J W , et al . Chemical Geology , 1986 , 59 : 237 - 253 . Chemical Geology Roberts J H , Gold R , Ruddy F H . Proc. of 10th Inter. Conf. on Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors . Oxford : Pergamon Press , 1980 : 177 - 188 . Singh S , Singh L , Singh J , et al . Nucl Tracks and Radiat Meas , 1991 , 19 : 121 - 126 . Nucl Tracks and Radiat Meas Modgil S K , Virk H S . Nucl Instr Meth B , 1985 , 12 : 212 - 218 Nucl Instr Meth B Khan H A , Lund T , Vater P , et al . Phys Rev C , 1983 , 28 : 1630 - 1634 . Phys Rev C Schiwietz G , Xiao G , Luderer E , et al . Nucl Instr Meth , 2000 , 164-165 : 353 - 364 . Nucl Instr Meth Considine D M , Considine G D . Van Nostrand Reinhold Encyclopedia of Chemistry ( Fourth edition). New York : Van Nostrand Reinhold Company , 1984 . Van Nostrand Reinhold Encyclopedia of Chemistry Roberts W L , Campbell T J , Rapp G R . Encyclopedia of Minerals ( Second edition). New York : Van Nostrand Reinhold Company , 1990 . Encyclopedia of Minerals Schiwietz G , Grande P , Skogvall B , et al . Phys Rev Lett , 1992 , 69 : 628 - 631 . Phys Rev Lett 10.1016/S1001-8042(08)60006-8 TL815 + .7,O77 2007-09-26 2007-12-20 2021-01-19 2007 Nuclear Science and Techniques 06 18