Source apportionment of single aerosol particles in the atmosphere of Shanghai city

Source apportionment of single aerosol particles in the atmosphere of Shanghai city 1 first-author 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 Shanghai Institute of Nuclear Research, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800 Shanghai Institute of Nuclear Research, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800 Fakultät für Physik und Geowissenschaften, Abteilung Nukleare Festkōrperphysik, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr, 504103 Leipzig, Germany Fakultät für Physik und Geowissenschaften, Abteilung Nukleare Festkōrperphysik, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr, 504103 Leipzig, Germany A nuclear microprobe with high spatial resolution and high analyti cal sensitivity was applied to analyze atmospheric aerosol at five monitoring sites in Shanghai city. Meantime, a new pattern recognition technique, which used the micro PIXE spectrum of a single aerosol particle as its fingerprint, was developed to identify the origin of the particle. The results showed that the major contributors to the atmosphere pollution were soil dust (31.6%), building dust (30.8%), and the next were vehicle exhaust (13.7%), metallurgic industry excrements (5.6%), oil combustion (5%) and coal combustion (2.3%). Besides these, about 10% of the particles could not be identified. Based on the cluster analysis of these particles, they could be divided into eight groups. By inference, they might belong to some sub-pollution sources from soil dust, building dust and metallurgic industry excrements. Moreover, some new pollution sources from tyres and chemical plants were also revealed. Single aerosol particle analysis Source apportionment Nuclear microprobe Pattern recognition technique References Watson J G , Chow J C , Aerosol measurement: principles, techniques and applications . New York : Van Nostrand Reinhold , 1993 : 1 〜 20 Aerosol measurement: principles, techniques and applications Chow J C , Watson J G , Lowenthal D H et al . Atmos Environ , 1992 , 26a : 3335 ~ 3354 Atmos Environ Wei F , Teng E , Wu G et al . Environ Sci Tech , 1999 , 33 : 4188 〜 4193 Environ Sci Tech Maenhaut W , Salomonbic R. Ptasinski J et al . Nucl Instr Meth , 1997 , B130 : 576 ~ 581 Nucl Instr Meth Orlic I , Osipowicz T , Watt F et al . Nucl Instr Meth , 1995 , B104 : 630 〜 637 Nucl Instr Meth Grim G W. X-ray spectrosc , 1998 , 27 : 221 〜 231 X-ray spectrosc Jambers W , Grieken R V. Trends Anal Chem , 1996 , 15 : 114 ~ 122 Trends Anal Chem Hickmott D D , Herrin J M , Abell R et al . Nucl Instr Meth , 1997 , B130 : 564 〜 570 Nucl Instr Meth Orlic I. Nucl Instr Meth , 1995 , B104 : 602 〜 611 Nucl Instr Meth Artaxo P , Rabello M L C , Watt F et al . Nucl Instr Meth , 1993 , B75 : 521 〜 525 Nucl Instr Meth Orlic I , Watt F , Loh K K et al . Nucl Instr Meth , 1994 , B85 : 840 ~ 844 Nucl Instr Meth Cohen D D , Garton D , Stelcer E. Nucl Instr Meth , 2000 , B161/163 : 775 ~ 779 Nucl Instr Meth Jaksic M , Bogdanovic I , Gereda E et al . Nucl Instr Meth , 1993 , B77 : 505 〜 508 Nucl Instr Meth Orlic I , Zhou S , Watt F. Nucl Instr Meth , 1999 , B158 : 505 〜 510 Nucl Instr Meth Chen M , Chen J , Li D. Shanghai Environ Sci (in Chinese) , 1997 , 16 ( 10 ): 15 ~ 17 Shanghai Environ Sci (in Chinese) Sha Y , Gu Y , Liu G et al . Nucl Instr Meth , 1996 , B109/110 : 79 〜 84 Nucl Instr Meth Sha Y , Shi J , Gu Y et al . Nucl Sci Tech (China) , 1996 , 7 : 61 ~ 64 Nucl Sci Tech (China) Butz T. Flagmeyer R -H , Heitmann J etal. Nucl Instr Meth , 2000 , B161/163 : 323 〜 327 Nucl Instr Meth Tanabe K , Tamura T , Uesaka H. Appl Spectrose , 1992 , 46 ( 5 ): 807 ~ 810 Appl Spectrose Mitternayr C R , Drouen A C J H , Otto M. Anal Chim Acta , 1994 , 294 ( 2 ): 227 〜 242 Anal Chim Acta Cheng Z , Li M , Xu S. Nucl Tech (in Chinese) , 1996 , 19 ( 8 ): 449 〜 452 Nucl Tech (in Chinese) Bos M , Weber H T. Anal Chim Acta , 1991 , 247 ( 1 ): 97 〜 105 Anal Chim Acta Allanic A L , Jezequel J Y , Andre J C. Anal Chem , 1992 , 64 ( 21 ): 2618 ~ 2622 Anal Chem McClelland J L , Rumelhart D E. Parallel distributed processing . Cambridge : MIT Bradfort Press , 1986 Parallel distributed processing Fan X , Zhang W , Han S. Environ Sci (in Chinese) , 1999 , 20 ( 5 ): 102 ~ 108 Environ Sci (in Chinese) Weingartner E , Kelles C , Stahel W A et al . Atmos Environ , 1997 , 31 : 451 〜 462 Atmos Environ X831, O657.34 Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (11030042) 2000-09-21 2001-08-01 2021-02-05 2001 Nuclear Science and Techniques 3 12