Vol.9,

Radiation mean free path (RMFP) is the function of radiation temperature, electron temperature and material density, and needs to apply Planck mean and Rosseland mean, respectively, in the regions of rarefaction wave and shock wave. The analytical formulae for the two kinds of RMFP have been given, by which the RMFP have been calculated for the interesting small atomic number Z. The calculated results show that the RMFP in non-local-thermal-equilibrium (non-LTE) and in LTE are obviously different and Planck RMFP is 30 times less than Rosseland one.

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A relativistic density-dependent interaction has been used to study hypernucleus ¹⁶O. The density-dependent coupling constants of the relativistic effective Hartree-Lagrangian are obtained from the relativistic Brueckner-Bethe-Goldstone results of nuclear matter in the chiral-σmodel. With these density-dependent coupling constants, the bound states and the single-particle energy spectra of the hypernuclei Λ16O and Σ16O are obtained. The theoretical results of Λ16O are in agreement with the experimental data fairly well.

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Serum pepsinogens Ⅰ and Ⅱ (PGI, PG Ⅱ) levels were determined by PGI and PG Ⅱ-RIA kits in 84 healthy controls and 128 patients of gastric diseases including 42 patients with gastric cancer. The results showed peptic ulcer cases had elevated PG I and PG Ⅱ levels. The atrophic gastritis cases had low PGI levels and the gastric cancer cases had low PGI and low PGI/PG Ⅱ ratio. Using the cut-off values of PGI<35µg/L and PGI/PG Ⅱ<1.5 for clinical purpose, the sensitivity and specificity of the test for gastric cancer was 73% and 78%, respectively. Combined with endoscope examination, the serum PGI and PG Ⅱ levels are valuable for the early diagnosis of gastric cancer.

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Some kinds of marine bivalves were selected as the biomonitor candidates to study the possibility of the environmental assessment of the Jiaozhou Bay with biomonitors. The contents of 29 elements in bivalve samples were determined by neutron activation analysis and atomic absorption spectrometry. It is found that clam is a suitable kind of marine bivalves as a biomonitor to evaluate the environmental quality of the Jiaozhou Bay. The environmental status of some sampling sites in this marine area was tentatively assessed by the biomonitors of calm and mussel.

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Advances are being made in the design of the annular centrifugal extractor for nuclear fuel reprocessing extraction process studies. The extractors have been built and tested. Twelve stages of this extractor and 50 stages are used to implement the TRPO process for the cleanup of commercial and defense nuclear waste liquids, respectively. Following advances are available: (1) simple way of assembly and disassembly between rotor part and housing part of extractor, ease of manipulator operation; (2) automatic sampling from housing of extractor in hot cell; (3) compact multi-stage housing system; (4) easy interstage link; (5) computer data acquisition and monitoring system of speed.

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The liquid-liquid extraction behavior of uranium(VI) from aqueous nitric acid media with dodecyltolylsulfoxide (DTSO) has been studied over a wide range of conditions. The extracted species appear to be UO₂(NO₃)₂•2DTSO. It was found that the extraction was increased with increasing nitric acid concentration up to 5 mol/L HNO₃ and then decreased, and the extraction of uranium(VI) decreased with increasing temperature. So it can be deduced that the process of extraction is exothermic and the enthalpy of the extraction obtained is ΔH=-16.3 kJ/mol.

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The NH4+-N, microbial biomass-N, humus-N, and extractable organic N derived from the added ¹⁵N-labelled ryegrass and soil indigenous pool were measured separately with ¹⁵N tracing techniques. Based on the recovery of NH4+-¹⁵N and lost-¹⁵N (mainly as NH₃), more than 30% of the added ryegrass ¹⁵N was mineralized in 15 d. The amount of mineralized N increased with time up to 90 d for all soils except for the upland soil in which it decreased slightly. The mineralization of ryegrass N and incorporation of ryegrass-¹⁵N into microbial biomass was greatest in upland soil. The transformation of ryegrass ¹⁵N into humus ¹⁵N occurred rapidly in 15 d, with higher humus ¹⁵N occurring in the upland or tea-garden soil than the paddy and unarable soil. The addition of ryegrass caused additional mineralization of soil indigenous organic N and enhanced the turnover of both microbial biomass N and stable organic N in soils.

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The influence of fertilization with urea and ryegrass on nitrogen utilization and transformation in red soil has been studied by using ¹⁵N tracer method. When urea and ryegrass were applied alone or in combination, the percentage of N uptaken by ryegrass from labelled urea was 3 and 1.7 times that from labelled ryegrass for the application rate of 200mgN•kg^-1 and 100mgN-kg^-1, respectively; combining application of ryegrass and urea reduced uptake of urea N and increased uptake of ryegrass N by ryegrass plant, but the percentage of N residued in soil increased for urea and decreased for ryegrass; when urea and ryegrass were applied alone, the percentage of N residued in soil from labelled ryegrass was more than 69% while that from labelled urea was less than 25%, and much more ryegrass N was incorporated into humus than urea N.

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Doses of 1×10¹⁶, and 2×10¹⁶cm^-2 and 1×10¹⁶, 2×10¹⁶, 3×10¹⁶ and 3.6×10¹⁶cm^-2 for iron and cppper ions are implanted in dry seeds of mung bean, respectively. The results show that the accumulated-copper and -iron ion amounts in the seeds and roots vary with different doses of ion beam, and the fresh and dry weights of the roots decrease progressively with increasing iron and copper doses, except the treatment of 1×10¹⁶ Cu⁺ ions/cm², and the accumulated-copper and -iron ion amounts in the seeds of the different test groups can be correlated with the ion distribution in the roots.

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Rate constants are important pharmacokinetic parameters and very useful in study of radiopharmaceuticals, nuclide therapy and internal radiation. In the situation of small number of compartments, solution of rate constants is not too difficult. But with increasing compartment number, the calculation is tending to more complex, which makes solving rate constants very difficult. Therefore, according to a general principle a series of formulae is established to simplify the process of solving rate constants.

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Galactosyl neoglycoalbumin (NGA) was synthesized by the covalent coupling of a bifunctional reagent, 2-imino-2-ethyloxymethyl-l-thiogalactose, to human serum albumin. The average number of galactose groups per albumin molecule (Gal/HSA) of NGA was 30. NGA was labeled directly with Na^99m TcO₄. The radiochemical purity of ^99mTc-NGA was over 90%. Consequences of the preclinical studies show that ^99mTc-NGA is a good hepatic receptor imaging agent, uptaken by hepatic cells specifically, and excreted majorly from the biliary system and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

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