Vol.17,

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) needs extremely precise power supplies for their various magnets. A digital controller is being developed for the power converters of the SSRF power supply (PS). In the digital controller, a fully digital pulse-width modulator (PWM) directly controls the power unit insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) of the PS. A program in LabVIEW language has been developed to control and monitor the digital PS via serial communication (RS232) from a PC and to modify its parameters as well. In this article, the software design of the virtual instrument for controlling and monitoring digitalized PS and its associated functions are described, and the essential elements of the program graphical main-VI and sub-VI source code are presented and explained. The communication protocol and the structure of the developed system are also included in this article.

339

A new cathode arc enhanced magnetron sputter system for deposition of hard protective coatings is reported in this article. This system consists of eight targets: four outer targets are mounted on the wall of the chamber and four inner targets are placed around the center of the chamber. The outer and inner targets form four pair targets and are powered by four middle frequency power supplies. One of the outer targets can run either in the cathode arc mode or in the magnetron sputter mode. The Ti-containing diamond-like carbon nanocomposite coatings were deposited by using this system. The prepared coating exhibits high hardness (~20GPa), good adhesion (critical load is 50 N), very low friction coefficient (~0.07), and excellent tribological performance with a wear rate of 1.4×10^-16 m³·N^-1·m^-1.

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The positron-emitter fluorine-18 labeled amino acid O-(2-[¹⁸F]fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine ([¹⁸F]FET) has shown very promising perspectives for brain tumor diagnosis with positron emission tomography (PET). There have been two existing preparation routes of [¹⁸F]FET named direct nucleophilic radiofluorination of protected L-tyrosine and radiofluoroalkylation of unprotected L-tyrosine, respectively. A general module was designed specifically for the routine synthesis of [¹⁸F]FET, which could be suitable for the present two chemical methods with simple modifications. The fluorinated intermediates and the final product were separated and purified using solid phase extraction (SPE) on the Sep-Pak silica plus cartridge instead of the time-consuming high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedures. The total synthesis time was about 50—60min with good radiochemical yield (about 20—40%, no-decay-corrected) and good radiochemical purity (more than 97%) for both the synthetic methods.

298

This study is used to investigate the feasibility of employing the Iodogen method to label triplex-forming oligonucleotide (TFO) targeted to the initiator of the S gene of HBV with ¹²⁵I. A 17-mer oligonucleotides sequence was synthesized and grafted at the 5＇ terminal with a tyramine group. Radioiodination of the tyramine-TFO with ¹²⁵I was then performed using the Iodogen method. After TFO was labeled with ¹²⁵I using the Iodogen method, the labeling rate, the radiochemical purity, stability and bioactivity were determined, respectively. The results show that the radiolabeling rate and the radiochemical purity were 93% and 99%, respectively; and the radiochemical purity is more than 90% in vitro at -20℃ on the 5th day after labeling; and the rate of ¹²⁵I-tyramine-TFO binding to HepG2.2.15 cells was (37.2±1.4) % and statistically different from the rate of HepG2 (p﹤0.5). Hence, it is concluded that the labeling of oligonucleotides conjugated with tyramine using the Iodogen method is successful and is characterized with a high labeling rate, high stability, and a low loss of bioactivity of the labeled agent.

488

As the multibarrier system has been adopted to dispose HLW glass in geological formation in many countries, it was important to study the leaching behavior of vitrification under geological formation. This article describes the leaching behavior of simulated high level waste glass (90Nd/10), which can incorporate 16 wt.% simulated HLW in five kinds of geological media, such as granite, cement, bentonite, Fe₃O₄, etc. The durable experimental results show that the glass had less mass loss in granite and more mass loss in bentonite after a two-year leaching test. The SEM/XEDS analysis shows some element distributions on the leached specimen's surface, i.e., Na, Si and Mg elements were reduced on the specimen's surface, whereas Ba, Al, and Fe were enriched on the specimen's surface.

505

This article presents a brief overview of the development of high-resolution SPECT for small-animal imaging. A pinhole collimator has been used for high-resolution animal SPECT to provide better spatial resolution and detection efficiency in comparison with a parallel-hole collimator. The theory of imaging characteristics of the pinhole collimator is presented and the designs of the pinhole aperture are discussed. The detector technologies used for the development of small-animal SPECT and the recent advances are presented. The evolving trend of small-animal SPECT is toward a multi-pinhole and a multi-detector system to obtain a high resolution and also a high detection efficiency.

322

Prediction of critical heat flux (CHF) in annular flow is important for the safety of once-through steam generator and the reactor core under accident conditions. The dryout in annular flow occurs at the point where the film is depleted due to entrainment, deposition, and evaporation. The film thickness, film mass flow rate along axial distribution, and CHF are calculated in vertical upward round tube on the basis of a separated flow model of annular flow. The theoretical CHF values are higher than those derived from experimental data, with error being within 30%.

451

Liquid sodium is mainly used as a cooling fluid in the liquid metal fast breeder reactor (LMFBR), whose heat transfer, whether convective heat transfer or boiling heat transfer, is different from that of water. So it is important for both normal and accidental operations of LMFBR to perform experimental research on heat transfer to liquid sodium and its boiling heat transfer. This study deals with heat transfer with high temperature (300–700°C) and low Pe number (20~70) and heat transfer with low temperature (250~270°C) and high Pe number (125~860), and its incipient boiling wall superheat in an annulus. Research on heat transfer involves theoretical research and experiments on heat transfer to liquid sodium. It also focuses on the theoretical analysis and experimental research on its incipient boiling wall superheat at positive pressure in an annulus. Semiempirical correlations were obtained and they were well coincident with the experimental data.

319

Because of the practical importance of two-phase instabilities, substantial efforts have been made to date to understand the physical phenomena governing such instabilities and to develop computational tools to model the dynamics. The purpose of this study is to present a numerical model for the analysis of flow-induced instabilities in forced-convection steam generator. The model is based on the assumption of homogeneous two-phase flow and thermodynamic equilibrium of the phases. The thermal capacity of the heater wall has been included in the analysis. The model is used to analyze the flow instabilities in the steam generator and to study the effects of system pressure, mass flux, inlet temperature and inlet/outlet restriction, gap size, the ratio of d_o/d_i, and the ratio of q_i/q_o on the system behavior.

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