Vol.22,

An embedded single-board computer (SBC) system based on AT91RM9200 was designed for monitoring and controlling the digital beam position monitor system of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF) through the Virtex-4 FPGA in the digital processing board. The SBC transfers the configuration commands from the remote EPICS to the FPGA, and calculates the beam position data. The interface between the FPGA and the SBC is the Static Memory Controller (SMC) with a peak transfer speed of up to 349 Mbps. The 100 Mb Ethernet is used for data transfer between the EPICS and SBC board, and a serial port serves as monitoring the status of the embedded system. Test results indicate that the SBC board functions well.

599

A photocathode radio frequency gun, which is an S-band normal conducting 1.6 copper cell cavity with water cooling system, was installed in Hefei Light Source. In order to know its characteristics and get it into normal operation, continuous conditioning was conducted in the last few months. Beam charge and dark current charge were measured using integrating current transformer. The beam transverse size was determined as 1.63 mm in minimum using YAG screen and GigE Vision camera. Using multi-slits technique, the transverse emittance was measured and normalized at 1.95 mm·mrad with beam charge of 240 pC. The results provide a way to optimize the facility.

443

In this study, vehicle exhaust particles were collected three locations (the middle, entrance and outside) of the Dapu Road tunnel in downtown Shanghai, and the particle samples were characterized using SEM, XAFS, ICP- MS and Mössbauer spectrometry, and the oxidative damage was assessed by plasmid DNA. Most iron-containing particles are found from vehicle exhaust, and iron oxide is the major species in all samples. Its concentration in the particles inside the tunnel is higher than that the outside particles. The iron particles inside the tunnel have higher proportion of water-soluble fraction in hydrous iron sulfate form or smaller size. ZnCl₂ is the main soluble fraction in zinc-containing particles, while higher percentage of insoluble fraction existed in the particles outside of tunnel. Major species of lead-containing particles are PbSO₄, Pb₃(PO₄)₂ and PbCO₃. In addition, the soluble fraction of other transition metallic elements as Ti and V is higher in the particles inside the tunnel than that outside the tunnel. The plasmid DNA assay results indicate that the particles from vehicle exhaust have a stronger oxidative damage and inflammation than that from outside of the tunnel.

411

To evaluate safety and therapeutic efficacy of sodium glycididazole (CMNa) combined with ¹³¹I radiotherapy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), the 60 patients of DTC therapeutic protocols were selected and divided into 3 groups of the DTC 4.44 GBq ¹³¹I, DTC 3.70 GBq ¹³¹I, and combination of DTC 3.70 GBq ¹³¹I with CMNa, and the 20 patients of Graves' Disease were selected as the control group. Peripheral blood was sampled at ¹³¹I pre-treatment of 1 day, and ¹³¹I post-treatment of 7, 91, and 182 days, thus analyzing lymphocyte micronucleus scores and karyotyping profiles. Compared with the control group, the lymphocyte micronucleus and chromosome mutation rates in ¹³¹I treated DTC increased after post-treatment of 7 days, recovered after post-treatment of 91 days, and did not bounce after post-treatment of 182 days. The micronucleus and chromosome mutation rates in the combination of DTC 3.70 GBq ¹³¹I with CMNa showed less significant variation than other treated DTC groups. Our results demonstrate that micronucleus assay and karyotyping analysis are favorable to evaluate ¹³¹I radiotherapy for DTC. The combination of the CMNa with ¹³¹I radiotherapy was safe for DTC patients without affecting the long-term therapeutic outcomes.

547

Phage display technique is a powerful approach for discovering new tumor- and organ-targeting ligands, and radiolabeled phage has a potential to analyze the phage-binding sensitivity and specific imaging. In this study, phage II (the spleen-targeting phage) in mice was isolated after three rounds biopanning, and labeled by ^99mTc using mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG₃) as chelator to evaluate their binding properties in vivo. The amount of phage II eluted from spleen was enriched by plague assay each round. ^99mTc-MAG₃-phage II showed the less retention in blood at any time point than half that of ^99mTc-MAG₃-phage I (the radiolabeled original Ph.D-12 phage as control). The accumulation in spleen between ^99mTc-MAG₃-phage I and II was of different tendency. The highest uptake of ^99mTc- MAG₃-phage II in spleen was 24.80 %ID/g at 30 min; and of ^99mTc-MAG₃-phage I, 30.93% ID/g at 5 min. After circulating ^99mTc-MAG₃-phage II for 120 min, its accumulation in spleen decreased though higher than that of ^99mTc- MAG₃-phage I. In other organs, the ^99mTc-MAG₃-phage II showed low retention and high spleen-to-organ or tissue ratios. In conclusion, the radiolabeled phage II is convenient for studying the binding and specificity of spleen- targeting peptides found via phage display in vivo.

561

The position decoding accuracy and the spatial resolution of positron emission tomography detectors are greatly influenced by the performance of the two-dimensional position map, including the gain uniformity of photomultiplier tube (PMT), the baseline offset of the PMT signals and the accuracy of analogue to digital converter (ADC). In this work, a PMT-quadrant sharing detector was designed. Two data acquisition platforms are employed to conduct the influence factors on the two-dimensional position map performances, one was that the waveforms of the PMT signals were scanned by the sequence acquisition mode based on the oscilloscope of LeCroy waveRunner 204MXi-A, and another was a self-developed high speed ADC data acquisition module. Results show that the event decoding positions were concentrated on the PMT with higher gain, the position map was distorted at the baseline offset of signal, and the cross-line artifacts were caused by the insufficient ADC sampling bit for a larger size position map. All the parameters need be adjusted properly to stabilize a real system, and the flexible oscilloscope platform can be used to design the detector block and the other platform with high ADC accuracy. Likely, the electrical circuit with a proper ADC accuracy adjusts the PMT gains and baseline offsets.

639

This work aims at online calibration of signal attenuation of the long cable used in Tibet water Cherenkov muon detector array-A (Tibet MD-A) under the Tibet air shower array. Based on a waterproof connection of the signal cable to PMT (R3600_06) and characters of the high voltage divider, terminal reflection method is used for measuring the signal attenuation with a practical way to eliminate contribution of the pulse baseline. Comparison measurement data-taking method (with charge-to-digital conversion) was carried out by using open-ended cables, confirming that terminal reflection method is a fast and convenient, and suitable to online calibration of the signal attenuation for Tibet MD-A. At 26℃, the measured attenuation coefficient with the 250-m cable connected permanently to the PMT, was ~13.9%. The cable frequency response was measured by using the sinusoidal signals. The method could be used to study time dispersion of signals produced with Tibet MD-A detector via Fourier analysis.

450

Shear viscosity (η) is a basic transport coefficient of the medium. In this work, we calculate shear viscosity to entropy density ratio (η/S) of an equilibrated system in intermediate energy heavy ion collisions within the framework of the Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck model (BUU) model. After the equilibration of Au + Au system at central collision in a fixed volume is reached, temperature, pressure and energy density are extracted by the phase space information and then η/S is calculated using the Green-Kubo formulas. The results show that η/S drops with the incident energy and its value is not so drastically different from the RHIC results.

526

To investigate the affect of direct current electric field (DCEF) on the interfacial phase, in this paper, a hydrophobic ionic liquid (HIL)/water as liquid–liquid two-phase binary system is established by using the deioned water and l-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate, and the topographies of the HIL nanodroplets and nanolayers in ambient water are observed by atomic force microscope (AFM). The results show the AFM exerting the DCEF can enhance the intersolubility of the HIL/water binary system and induce their interfacial phase transfer.

703

In this paper, the factors influencing the local thermal reduction of graphene oxide (GO) sheets are investigated. The lateral force microscopy and scanning polarization force microscopy verify that the heated tips of atomic force microscope (AFM) can thermally reduce the GO into electrical conductive nanostructures. The tip temperature, heating time, and loading force applied by the AFM tip are found to have important effects on the thermal reduction of GO, while the environmental humidity is negligible.

384

The δD and δ¹⁸O vertical profiles of soil water were measured prior to and after a rainfall event. Mechanisms of soil water movement were deciphered by comparing the soil water isotope profiles with the isotopic composition of precipitation. The results show that evaporation at the upper depth led to enrichment of the heavy isotopes. Compared to the loess profile, the shallow soil water of sand profile is relatively enriched in D and ¹⁸O due to macro-pore and low water-holding capacity. The precipitation is infiltrated into soil in piston mode, accompanied with significant mixing of older soil water. The preferential fluid flow in loess was observed at depths of 0–20 cm, caused by cracks in the depths. The hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions in outflow are close to the precipitation, which shows a mixing of the precipitation and old soil water, and indicates that the isotopic composition of outflow water is mainly controlled by that of the precipitation. The δD and δ¹⁸O in outflow decreased with time until stable δ values of outflow are close to those of the precipitation.

726