Vol.6,

Thermodynamic oxygen isotope factors for uranium oxides have been calculated by means of the modified increment method. The sequence of ¹⁸O-enrichment in the uranium oxides with respect to the common rock-forming minerals is predicted as follows: spinel < uraninite ≤ brannerite ≤ hematite < rutile < pitchblende < cassiterite ≤ uranium blacks ≤ coffinite < sedovite ≤ UO₃ < illite. Two sets of self-consistent fractionation factors between the uranium oxides and water and between the uranium oxides and the other minerals have been obtained for 0~ 1200°C. The theoretical results are applicable to the isotopic geothermometry of uranium ores when pairing with other gangue minerals in hydrothermal uranium deposits.

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The standard model of sonoluminescence suggests that the Coulomb barrier to deuterium fusion may be overcome by high bubble gas temperatures caused by compression heating if the bubble diameter remains spherical during bubble collapse. However, in the more likely collapse geometry of a pancake shape, the temperature rise in the bubbles is negligible. But the collapsing pancake bubble is found to significantly increase the frequency of the infrared energy available in the vibrational state of the water molecules at ambient temperature. For a collapse to liquid density, ultraviolet radiation at about 10 eV is found. Although the ultraviolet radiation is of a low intensity, higher intensities may be possible if the bubble collapse is enhanced by visible and infrared lasers. Neither hot nor cold fusion is predicted in bubble collapse, but the ultraviolet energy at about 10 eV developed in the bubble is sufficient to provide the basis for a new field of chemistry called ultrasound induced and laser enhanced cold fusion chemistry.

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A compartment model is employed to calculate the radionuclide concentrations in the ocean currents for a nuclear accient scenario where the long-lived ¹³⁷Cs is totally discharged into the sea. The radionuclide concentrations in both the waters of Daya Bay and the adjacent South China Sea are considered. Using the concentration factors for the marine organisms: fish, crustacea and mollusca, their radionuclide concentrations are also estimated. In this way, the whole body radiation doses received by an individual due to ingestion of marine organisms from the Daya Bay and the South China Sea are calculated.

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A combination of NAA and micro-PIXE was used to study concentrations and distributions of platinum group elements (PGE) in ores from Xinjie Cu-Pt deposit. The NAA results of the bulk indicate that the ores belong to the enriched Pt-Pd type. The element concentration maps of scanning micro-PIXE for the ores show that the occurence form of Pt is independent arsenide minerals. No PGE were detected in chalcopyrite of Xinjie Cu-Pt deposit. These information are economically beneficial to the mineral smelting process.

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Infiltration and localization of preferential infiltration zones at the dam abutment are measured using radioactive tracer tests of flow in boreholes, meanwhile interconnection between boreholes and the energing water points is analysed. The theory and practice of radioactive tracer synthetic detective method are described to give methods and calculation formulae used under the condition of stable flow in single well to measure permeability coefficient and hydrostatic heads. Major single hole techniques including measurement for seepage line, velocity, rate of seepage flow and relationship of recharge of groundwater in aquifers are introduced briefly. The possibilities offered by natural tracers are analysed, including electric-conduct, pH-value and temperature of water as well as stable isotopes (D, ¹⁸O) and tritium. Furthermore, the sensibilities of this theory and methods were confirmed by detecting seepage flow field of Xinanjiang Dam.

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Adsorption of a promising bone tumor therapeutic agent ¹⁵³Sm-EDTMP (ethylene diamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid) and effects of several coexisting substances on adsorption and desorption were investigated using HA (hydroxyapatite) as an in vitro model. The adsorption is quantitative up to total deposition of 40 µmol/g HA, while nonquantitative when the complex concentration is above 40 µmol/g HA in the medium of pH=7.0±0.2. The uptake increases significantly with the Ca ions added. Desorption of the adsorped complexes is in the sequence of EDTMP»DTPA > EDTA. Two modes of adsorption of ¹⁵³Sm-EDTMP on HA are suggested, the first one (≤ 40µmol/g HA) quantitatively covers the available surface and the second, by which, is less efficient, additional complexes are adsorped. Non-quantitative adsorption is attributed to Coulomb repulsion while the complex concentration ranging from 40 to 80 µmol/g HA.

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The peripheral blood lymphocyte chromosomes in a case of ⁶⁰Co γ rays accident were examined at 2.5 h after exposure. The frequency of the dicentrics plus centric rings was 89% and exposure dose was estimated to be 4.78 (4.53〜4.88) Gy. The examinations of lymphocyte chromosome aberration within follow-up 12 a showed that the incidence of Dic+R reduced with lg regression (r =-0.9895). While the number of cells with stable aberration remained unchanged and showed a tendency to increase. During the period of leukemia, bone marrow cell chromosome aberrations were studied by method of G-banding. Of 13 cells observed, 4 cells belonged to normal karyotypes. Among 9 aberration cells, 12 aberrations were detected. The majority of which were classified as translocation, deletion and inversion. Numeric aberrations were -9, -12, -20, -22, -y. This case suggested that acute lymphocytic leukemia was induced after radiation accident.

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