The first level plasmons of Si in the pure Si state (corresponding to bonding energy (BE) of 116.95 eV) and in the SiO2 state (corresponding to BE of 122.0 eV) of Si-SiO2 prepared by irradiation hard and soft processing were studied with XPS before and after 60Co radiation. The experimental results indicate that there was an interface consisting of the two plasmons, this interface was extended by 60Co radiation, the fractions of the plasmon for Si in the Si-SiO2 were changed with the variation of radiation dosage, the difference of the change in fraction of plasmons for the two kinds of samples was that the soft varied faster than hard, the change of concentrations in plasmons for both hard and soft Si-SiO2 irradiated in positive bias field were greater than that in bias-free field. The experimental results are explained from the view point of energy absorbed in form of quantization.
Vol.10, No.1
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684
Research article 01 Feb 1999
LIU Changshi
keyword：Radiation dose；Plasmon；Si-SiO2；Radiation bias field；
Research article 01 Feb 1999
ZHU Shoupeng，XIAO Dong，HAN Xiaofeng
The apoptosis in bone tumor cells is studied after 153Sm-EDTMP irradiation. Fragmented DNA is analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Experimental observations show that 153Sm-EDTMP exposure induces the internucleosomal DNA damage in bone tumor cells the DNA ladder pattern formation in bone tumor cells is shown. At the same time, the microau-toradiographic study indicates that 153Sm-EDTMP could permeate through cell membrane and displays membrane-seeking condensation in bone tumor cells. Soon afterwards 153Sm-EDTMP could be phagocytized by the tumor cells and distributed in cytoplasm as well as nucleus in the form of phagosome. With the prolongation of observing time, the membrane-bounded apoptotic bodies are observed.
keyword：Apoptosis；Irradiation；DNA gel electrophoresis；Microautoradiography；Bone tumor cells；153Sm-EDTMP；
Research article 01 Feb 1999
WU Chunying，JI Shuren，FANG Ping，ZHOU Xiang，HE Yongjun，CAO Guoxian
Myocardial uptake of 125I-IPPA in rats showed a peak of 4.4% of injected dose per gram. The half elimination time of myocardium was 3.8 min and the maximal uptake of thyroid is only 0.005%ID/organ at 120 min. The initial half time of 2.7 min in rabbits was obtained from the elimination curve of radioactivity in blood. In vitro binding test for 125I-IPPA to HSA showed rather constant level of activation during two hours. The second peak of extraction was observed in major organs of rats, in rabbits' elimination of radioactivity and in binding test for 125I-IPPA to albumin in vivo. Toxicity trial was up to standard. The tolerance of a mouse to IPPA was 560 times as high as that of a person to IPPA. It demonstrated that 125I-IPPA could be quickly extracted by myocardium, and its catabolites were excreted in the urine with almost no iodine loss. All the results were found to agree with the expectations based on the principal metabolic path of phenyl fatty acid.
keyword：125I-IPPA；Radioiodinated fatty acid；Animal study；
Research article 01 Feb 1999
FENG Gensheng，FENG Xinzhan，LI Shujuan
Several primary factors influencing the alpha energy spectrum of 241Am fire alarm source have been studied in order to get better alpha energy spectrum. The results show that the homogeneity and the thickness of metal surface coat and the size of active area of the source have considerable influence on the alpha energy spectrum of the source.
keyword：241Am fire alarm source；Alpha energy spectrum；Full width at half maximum；
Research article 01 Feb 1999
BAO Borong，WU Minghong
This paper presents a survey of irradiation treatment of sewage sludge in the world. Since the first sludge irradiation plant was built in Geiselbullach, West Germany in 1973 which used 60Co as irradiation source, many sludge irradiators were constructed in USA, India, Japan, Canada, Poland and so on, which used 60Co, 137Cs or electron beam as irradiation sources. Some basic researches on irradiation treatment of sewage sludge are, respectively, reviewed, including optimization of irradiation parameters, synergistic effect of radiation with heat, oxygenation, irradiation-composting and potential applications of treated sludge. Some proposals have been suggested for further development of this technology.
keyword：γ-ray；Irradiation；Electron beam；Sewage sludge；
Research article 01 Feb 1999
TAN Xufang，WANG Youshao，TAN Taizhe，YANG Yanzhao，BAO Borong，SUN Sixiu
A new kind of diamide N,N,N',N'-tetrahexylsuccinylamide (THSA) was synthesized, characterized and used for the extraction of HNO3, U(VI) and Th(IV) in a diluent composed of 0.5 volume fraction 1,2,4-trimethy benzene(TMB) and 0.5 volume fraction kerosene(OK). Extraction distribution coefficients of U(VI) and Th(IV) as functions of aqueous nitric acid concentration, extractant concentration, temperature and salting-out agent (LiNO3) have been studied, and it is found that THSA as an extractant is superior to TBP for extraction of U(VI) and Th(IV). Back extraction was also studied. At low acidity, the main adduct of THSA and HNO3 is HNO3·THSA. THSA·(HNO3)2 and THSA·(HNO3)3 are also found at high acidity. The compositions of extracted species, apparent equilibrium constants and enthalpies of extraction reactions have also been calculated.
keyword：Nitric acid；Uranium(VI)；N；N；N'；；N'；-tetrahexylsuccinylamide；Thorium(IV)；Back extraction；Salting-out agent；
Research article 01 Feb 1999
YANG Zhangshan，ZHU Nankang，YANG Shuqin，QIANG Yizhong，WANG Chunlei
Chemical and physical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel films were investigated as a function of production factors. The experimental results show that the gel fraction depends strongly on the radiation dose, the degree of swelling is inversely dependent on the concentration of PVA solution, the tensile strength depends mainly on the PVA blending ratio and the elongation at break is inversely dependent on the radiation dose.
keyword：radiation；Poly(vinyl alcohol)；Hydrogels；Properties；
Research article 01 Feb 1999
WAN Weixing，CAO Guoxian，YU Huixin
Abstract The pharmacokinetics local model was used to evaluate renal function. Some typical kinds of renal function cases, normal or disorder, were selected to be imaged with SPECT and those data measured were treated by the pharmacokinetics local model computer program (PLM). The results indicated that parameters, including peak value, peak time, inflexion time, half-excretion time, and kinetic equation played and important role in judging renal function. The fact confirms that local model is very useful in evaluating renal function.
keyword：SPECT；Pharmacokinetics；Renal function；Local model；
Research article 01 Feb 1999
WANG Dezhi，ZHANG Hailong，YANG Bin，HUANG Ningkang
The zirconia containing 12wt%Y2O3 thin films deposited by r.f. magnetron sputtering at 25℃ or 400℃, and then bombarded with Ar+ beam at room temperature were characterized with XRD before and after Ar+ bombardment. It is found that a series of phases formation and transformation happened, among them the most important event is that T' phase appeared after Ar+ irradiation and the content of the T' phase increased with the increase of Ar+ ion doses from 5×1015 to 6×1016 ions cm-2.
keyword：XRD；Magnetron sputtering；ZrO2-12wt% Y2O3 film；Ar+ irradiation；
Research article 01 Feb 1999
DING Hong，ZHU Weiqing
Neoplasms is one of the main diseases for harming health. It is difficult to prevent the neoplasms because the factors of bringing out them are complex. To raise survival rate the early diagnosis of tumors is very important. Radionuclide imaging is useful to detect recurrent or residual disease and to identify benign or malignant tumor. Several tumor imaging agents as following have clinical significance in diagnosing tumors.
keyword：Tumor imaging agents；Neoplasms；Clinical application；
Research article 01 Feb 1999
WANG Jingcheng，YOU Fuqiang，YIN Junlin
The phase transformation of Cu-23 at.%Zn-11 at.% Al alloy from about 5℃ to 25℃ has been studied by means of the positron annihilation and transmission electron microscope. It is shown that the stacking faults in the alloy have no remarkable effect on the trapping of positrons.
keyword：Positron annihilation；Transmission electron microscope；Copper-based Alloy；Stacking faults；
Research article 01 Feb 1999
LIU Fangyan，ZHOU Meiying，YIN Linxiang，YANG Jianzhong，HUA Chenglin
A solid phase radioimmunoassay for free triiodothyronine in serum was developed based on double-antibody coated tubes. The method was turned out to be reliable with good reproducibility, higher sensitivity and easy performance. The measurable range of FT3 in serum was 1.2 to 38 pmol/L. The mean coefficients of variation within and between assays were 1.79%~3.18% and 4.72%~9.31%, respectively. The FT3 concentrations in euthyroid serum as determined by this method were 2.8 to 7.8 pmol/L. The FT3 values determined by this new method correlated well with those measured by a commercial radioimmunoassay (r=0.853).
keyword：Radioimmunoassay；Free triiodothyronine (FT3)；Solid-phase；T3 analog；Doubleantibody；
Research article 01 Feb 1999
XU Xiaoqin
By using computer code WIMS/CENDL, the effects of some parameters, core configuration such as fuel element structure, neutron flux and burn-up, are discussed in this paper. It is shown that high neutron flux, small fuel rod diameter, large volume ratio of coolant to fuel, seed-blank heterogeneous core arrangement and 231Pa chemical separation are necessary for reducing 228Th production in reactor.
keyword：Th-U fuel cycle；228Th；Thermal reactor；
Research article 01 Feb 1999
WANG Jingcheng，YOU Fuqiang，YIN Junlin，TANG Xuefeng，QI Jinlin
Cu-23 at.%Zn-11 at.% Al alloy has been studied by positron annihilation technique. It is shown that the defects in the alloy induced by quenching from the temperature above a-transformation are basically monovacancies, instead of other forms of defects.
keyword：Positron annihilation；Copper-based Alloy；Vacancy；
Research article 01 Feb 1999
HAN Jingtian，SUN Guoxin，BAO Borong，CHEN Shufeng，SHEN Yunxiu
The extraction behaviors of uranium (VI) from nitric acid by N-decanoylpyrrolidine (DPOD) in toluene has been studied at varying concentrations of nitric acid, extractant, salting-out agent LiNO3 and at different temperatures. The mechanism of extraction is discussed in the light of the results obtained.
keyword：Extraction；toluene；Uranium(VI)；N-decanoylpyrrolidine；
Research article 01 Feb 1999
FANG Ping，WU Chunying，WAN Weixing，ZHOU Xiang，CHEN Zhengping，JIANG Ningyi
To explore the biological properties of a new neutral myocardial imaging agent 99mTcN(NOEt)2, preparation and characterization of 99mTcN(NOEt)2, kinetics of blood-drug clearance in rabbits, biodistribution in rats, test of undue toxicity in mice and myocardial imaging in dogs were performed and volunteer imaging. Radiochemical purity of 99mTcN(NOEt)2 was over than 90% and stable for 6 hours at room temperature. Blood disappearance was analyzed with biexponential model, T1/2(α)=2.53 min, T1/2(β) =330min and Cl=378 mL/h were obtained. Biodistribution studies demonstrated that 99mTcN(NOEt)2 localized selectively in myocardium of rats. Cardiac uptake were 2.79, 2.25, 2.00 and 1.88%ID/organ at 5, 30, 60 and 90 min of postinjection, respectively. The heart-to-lung activity ratio was 1.16 at 60 min. Images showed that pulmonary uptake decreased faster than cardiac uptake in a dog. The mean heart-to-lung activity ratios in a dog were 1.69, 2.40 and 2.55 at 10, 30 and 60 min of postinjection, respectively. The heart was distinguishable on scans at 30 min. Whole body imaging showed that cardiac uptake was 2.82%ID at 90 min, but hepatic uptake was 30%ID and remained constant. The test of undue toxicity showed that the dose received by mice was 614 times as by human. Volunteer imaging suggests 99mTcN(NOEt)2 redistribution with time. 99mTcN(NOEt)2 exhibited favorable stabilities, biological properties and safety. It is worth for further studying in human.
keyword：Radionuclide imaging；Biodistribution；▲；Myocardial imaging agent；99mTcN(NOEt)2；
Research article 01 Feb 1999
Analysis of umayyad islamic silver coins (Dirhams) by using instrumental neutron activation analysis
Bakraji E H，Sarhell A
Islamic silver coins (Dirhams) running the period between 107 to 126 Hijri (726-743 AD), which belong to the Umayyad Empire period, 41-132 hijri (661-750 AD), were selected for analysis by using instrumental neutron activation analysis techniques. During this period (105-126H), (724-743AD), the Caliph Hisham Eben Abdlemalek ruled the Umayyad Empire. Dirhams were irradiated in a reactor neutron activation facility. Levels of various elements viz. Cu, Ag and Au were estimated. It was found that the average silver concentration, the base constituent of the Dirham, was about 88 wt%. Correlation between the composition of Dirhams and the historical implications was discussed.
