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Doses of enriched uranium in testes inducing dominant lethality and skeletal abnormalities in offsprings are estimated. When intratesticular injection dose is 0.4~60µg enriched uranium; from intake to insemination, testes could receive 9.14×10^-5 ~ 1.38 × 10^-2 Gy radiation dose. Experimental results show that with the increase in the absorption dose, the number of living fetuses in a litter decreases, dominant lethality and skeletal abnormalities rise. It should be noted that relationship between the injected dose(I in µg) and the incidence of dominant skeletal abnormalities (S in %)in the offsprings can be represented by equation: S = 28.84 + 0.84 I.

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The previous investigations were mainly conducted under the condition of low pressure, however, the steam-water specific volume and the interphase evaporation rate in high pressure are much different from those in low pressure. Therefore, the new experimental and theoretical investigation are performed in Xi'an Jiaotong University. The investigation results could be directly applied to the analysis of loss-of-coolant accident for pressurized water reactor.The system transition characteristics of cold leg and hot leg break loss-of-coolant tests are described for convective circulation test loop. Two types of loss-of-coolant accident are identified for "hot leg" break, while three types for "cold leg" break and the effect parameters are studied. Critical flow rate is dependent not only on the upstream fluid properties but also on the break geometries. Tests indicate that the mass flow rate with convergent-divergent nozzle reaches the maximum value among the different break sections at the same inlet fluid condition because the fluid separation does not occur. A wall surface cavity nucleation model is developed for prediction of the critical mass flow rate with water flowing in convergent-divergent nozzles.

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Sonoluminescence can be explained by treating the bubbles as IRasers with standing waves in resonance with the bubble dimensions. Since the IRaser resonant radiation is required to satisfy wave boundary conditions, the water molecules lining the bubble walls undergo a continuous population inversion as the bubble collapses. By stimulated processes, the Planck energy accumulates as the KbT energy of radiation photons is pumped from the surroundings through the rotational state of the water molecule. Bubble collapse occurs almost isothermally with the high IR absorptivity of the water molecule permitting the Planck energy to accumulate to 2~6 eV only to be released by VIS-UV photon emission because of the low absorptivity of water at VIS-UV frequencies. As the IRaser cavity dimensions collapse to the spacing between water molecules at liquid density, soft X-rays at about 2 keV are predicted. But, this is less than 10keV necessary for cold fusion so that no neutrons is directly expected yet. Therefore, it is suggested that UV laser enhancement is used to accumulate further bubble collapse energy.

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Americium is similar to light rare earths in solvent extraction by HEHEHP. So the fractional extraction process with three outlets, which is widely used on rare earth industrial scale, can be applied to separate Am from La, Ce, Pr, Nd and Sm. The better process parameters can be calculated by the material and distribution balance equations stage by stage with given organic loading. In order to recover 0.99 mole fraction of Am and remove 0.90 mole fraction of light rare earths from the feed solution, in which the mole ratios of La, Ce, Am, Pr, Nd, Sm are 0.140, 0.199, 0.005, 0.109, 0.487, 0.060, the total number of stages needed is 43, that is the extraction sector 18, first scrubbing sector 2 and second scrubbing sector 23. The fractional extraction process with three outlets is simpler and more convenient than two fractional extraction processes with two outlets.

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The Pharmacokinetics local model for studying kinetic action of pharmaceuticals in the specific part of the body is established on the basis of the compartment model. A series of formulae is deduced, and with them the pharmacokinetic equation and several important parameters can be obtained. The local model successfully expanded the area of pharmacokinetics from the compartment model, which is mainly dealing with kinetic action of pharmaceuticals in blood, to the local model, which can study kinetic action of pharmaceuticals in any organ, tissue or fluid.

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Radionuclides ^186,188Re, suitable for tumor therapy and with high specific activity, are prepared through irradiating natural metallic rhenium, instead of costly enriched target. Complexation of rhenium with HEDP(1-hydroxy ethylidene diphosphonate) is mainly dependent on pH values and the reductant concentrations in the medium, and the yield is not less than 0.95 in pH 2.0~4.0 and Sn(II) concentration of 0.012~0.018 mol/L. The ^186,188Re-HEDP complex has high stability in vitro and in vivo in the presence of protecting agent, and gives superior biological properties in small animals, similar to those of ¹⁵³Sm-EDTMP including faster blood clearance, lower soft tissue residue and higher skeletal uptake with the peak of 0.2576ID/g at 1h post injection (overseas report 0.0101 ID/g) comparable to that of 153Sm-EDTMP(0.2644ID/g) at 3h post injection.

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By using the models of tumor blood-borne metastasis and spontaneous one, the antitumor metastasis effect of 75 mGy X-ray whole body irradiation on tumor bearing mice is investigated. The results demonstrate that irradiation could significantly inhibit B16 melanoma blood borne pulmonary metastases (P <0.05) and Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) spontaneous pulmonary metastases (P <0.01). The immunofunction test of B16 melanoma bearing mice shows that the NK (P <0.05) and LAK (P < 0.001) cytotoxicities, and responsibility of splenocytes to 1L-2 (P < 0.005) for the irradiated group are increased greatly compared with those of control group. These results suggest that the enhancement of immunofunctions is induced by low dose radiation to raise antitumor metastasis effects.

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The sensitivity of germinating seeds of barley, winter wheat and spring one to synchrotron ultraviolet radiation is barley > winter wheat and spring one. But when dry seeds of the three crops are irradiated by 3.5~22 keV X-rays, the sequence of their sensitivity to radiation can be changed; for irradiation of 0.6~3 keV ultra soft X-rays, 0.40~0.90 of the seedlings of the first generation appear mutation of striped chlorophyll defect. This biological effect has never been found for irradiation of other rays.

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