The background values of elements in soil have been investigated by INAA. The contents of 8 REE (La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb and Lu), U and Th in 364 top soil samples (A horizon) in China were determined by INAA. The samples were collected from some typical areas in China and covered main soil types of these areas. The background values of above elements in soil of the different areas and the whole soil studied in China are reported in present paper. The distribution characteristics of REE, U and Th in soils are also discussed.
Vol.3, No.3
Select issueYearIssue
1992
3
Research article 01 Aug 1992
Sun Jingxin，Wang Yuqi
keyword：INAA；REE；U；Th；Soil；
Research article 01 Aug 1992
Chen Lishu
This paper describes an exposure ratemeter made of graphite ion chamber. The sensitive volume is 14 cm3. The wall is 5 mm in thickness. The DC amplifier with a high input impedance consists of several stage differential amplifications, and is used for measurement of the ionization currents. Six ranges are able to cover a wide range of exposure rates. The full scale of the maximum range is 75 C/(kg • h). The lowest measurable limit is 5 mC/(kg • h). The zero drift within 8 h is less than 5% of each full scale. This instrument provides with a relatively convenient method for the measurement. The main advantages of the ionization chamber over other methods lie in rapidity and accuracy, and the change in radiation field with time can be indicated directly. It is particularly successful in acting as a routine dosimeter under high exposure rates.
keyword：High dose；Exposure ratemeter；Gamma dose；Spherical ionization chamber；Cavity ionization chamber；
Research article 01 Aug 1992
Zhang Liming，Zheng Dongzhu，Yuan Jianmin，Jiang Xiaoma，Zhao Xialing
The 3H-labelled belladonna alkaloids obtained by catalysed exchange method with microwave excitation was investigated. The specific activities of the labelled products were 16—32 TBq/mol. More than 90% labelled positions of these 3H-tracers were on phenyl rings. The radiochemical purity and chemical purity of crude products were both in 75—80%.
keyword：3H-NMR；Microwave catalysed exchange；3H-anisodamine hydrobromide；3H-anisodine hydrobromide；3H-Atropine sulfate；3H-scopolamine hydrobromide；3H-labelling；
Research article 01 Aug 1992
Yang Xihong，Wei Luncun，Li Renxing，Yu Jinxiang，Liang Bin，Ren Xiaotang，Wang Zhaojiang，Hong Xiuhua，Zhang Lichun
In this paper, an elastic recoil detection analysis method is described using 35 MeV 35Cl as incident ions. This method can determine and profile simultaneously H, D, He, C and O or in the other case, H, C, N and O. The depth resolution for the elements heavier than He is better than 20 nm. It has been applied to study the Co/Si and TiN thin films, and the depth profiles of He implanted in monocrystal silicon.
keyword：Elastic recoil detection analysis；Depth Resolution；Mass resolution；He implantation profile；Co/Si and TiN thin films；
Research article 01 Aug 1992
Fang Ping，Wu Chunying，Luo Shineng，Kuang Qinfang，Feng Yingying，Xie Minhao，Xi Yuefen，Guo Yuzhi
In order to explore this type of 99mTc-GH and N2S2 ligands exchange reaction as a common method for the preparation of 99mTc-N2S2 complexes, detailed kinetic study of ligand exchange reaction between 99mTc-GH and ECD was carried out. This paper presents preliminary results from the study at different ligand concentrations and pH values. The ligand exchange reaction is a second order reaction. Its rate constant being pH dependent were determined as: kpH2=1.11×104 l • mol-1 • min-1, kpH5=1.34×104 l • mol-1 • min-1, kpH6=2.24×104 l • mol-1 • min-1.
keyword：99mTc-Glucoheptonate；99mTc-ECD；Ligand exchange kinetics；
Research article 01 Aug 1992
Yang Guohua，Zhu Dezhang，Pan Haochang，Xu Hongjie，Chen Shoumian
Proton elastic scattering at energies around 2.0 MeV was used to determine the concentration of oxygen in a Y-Ba-Cu-O compound, nitrogen in a TiN film on steel substrate, and carbon and oxygen in a thin Mylar film. Proton scattering from light elements in this energy range exhibits non-Rutherford scattering cross section, which is enhanced by a factor of 4 to 7 relative to the Rutherford scattering cross section. Thus the sensitivity for the light element detection is considerably larger than that obtained by He+ ion scattering. Quantitative analysis by proton scattering is discussed and compared with other methods.
keyword：Proton elastic scattering；Light element detection；
Research article 01 Aug 1992
Zhou Sichun，Xie Tingzhou，Ge Liangquan
A new method is proposed to prospect copper deposits with portable XRF analyzer. The method is based on the close relation between Cu and the chalcophile elements or some other elements in the geochemical anomalies of a Cu deposit. Applications of the technique in Northeast China are presented.
keyword：Portable；X-ray fluorescence analyzers；Total content；X-ray fluorescence method；Prospecting for copper deposits；
Research article 01 Aug 1992
Qian Qinfang，Wu Shuiqing，Tian Jibing，Chen Shiqing
One factor of influencing crop growth is the effective elemental contents, especially trace elements, under the circumstances of the same concentrations of N, P and K in soil. In order to obtain the data of effective elemental contents in soil, a novel method was introduced. In this method, soil solution was extracted by a squeezer. The concentrations of elements in soil solution were determined by INAA. Study on the compositions and the contents of elements in soil solution will provide information on making a suitable soil environment for plant growth and for rational and economical manure.
keyword：Soil solution；INAA；Trace elements；
Research article 01 Aug 1992
Bao Borong，Wang Yinsong
Two new systems have been presented for the extraction separation of 68Ga from irradiated Ga2O3 target after proton bombardment. It could avoid the loss of 68GeCl4 during the processing and storage, resulting a stable 68Ge source.
keyword：68Ge；Ga target；Solvent extraction；
Research article 01 Aug 1992
Yang Shaojin，Zhang Yiming
The concentrations of 30 elements in aerosol particles collected in western Pacific ocean have been determined by INAA. The crustal element concentrations decrease with increasing distance from land over the remote area close to Asia land and fluctuate around its average value over the remote ocean area. The volatile elements exhibite average atmospheric concentrations that are higher than those expected from the flux of seasalt or the continental dust. In order to identify marine aerosol component originating from the continent or ocean, the aerosol particles are examined by scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Particle phase structure shows that the crustal aerosol particles are not present internal mixtures with seasalt aerosol, and it also proves the long-range transport of crustal elements from continent to ocean.
keyword：Aerosol；Scanning electron microscopy；INAA；EDS；
Research article 01 Aug 1992
Zhong Ming，Feng Songlin，Wang Yu，Ren Minqin，Liu Nianqing，Zhang Xiaofeng，Yan Lingna，Han Qiyong
The graphite phase has been extracted from the nodular cast iron to measure the concentration of trace element in it. The impurity phase was removed from the extracted matter by dissolving it with HCl and HCl+H2O2 to get the pure graphite phase. PIXE measurements were performed with thick targets of the pure graphite phase. Differences in the trace element concentrations between the graphite phase and the matrix have been observed. The effect of Ti and As in graphite phase on the nodularization rate and the mechanical properties have been studied.
keyword：PIXE；Graphite phase；Nodular cast iron；Trace elements；
Research article 01 Aug 1992
Zheng Jian，Zhuang Guisun，Cheng Yuandi
The concentrations of 18 elements in subcellular fractions of human liver were determined by combining differential centrifugation and INAA. Samples of human liver were homogenized in a buffer. The homogenate was separated into nuclei, mitochondrial, lysosomal, microsomal and cytosol fractions by successive differential centrifugation. Biological standard reference materials were used to evaluate the accuracy of the INAA method, and the results agree with the certified values. Element levels in subcellular fractions of human liver were discussed.
keyword：Trace elements；Subcellular fractions；INAA；
Research article 01 Aug 1992
Lu Huijuan，Zhou Yunlu
The method used is divided into two parts. One part is the determination of La, Ce, Pr and Sm by pretreatment neutron activation analysis. The other part is the determination of Ce, Eu, Tb, Tm, Yb and Lu by direct instrument neutron activation analysis. Pretreatment of samples was carried out by P507 extraction chromatography. The decontamination factor of Y was 2×104. A sensitive method for determination of REE in high-pure Y2O3 was established.
keyword：REE；NAA；Extraction chromatography；Y2O3；
