Vol.36,

By using A MultiPhase Transport (AMPT) model in the string melting scenario, the influences of nuclear structure on the momentum correlation functions between nucleons in the isobaric collisions of 4496Ru + 4496Ru and 4096Zr + 4096Zr at sNN=7.7 and 200 GeV were investigated. The results, including the centrality dependence of the correlation functions, were compared across different parameterizations of the Woods-Saxon distribution corresponding to varying deformation configurations in the simulation. A maximum difference of 4% was observed between the isobaric systems for the proton-proton correlation functions when including quadrupole (β₂) and octupole (β₃) deformation. In peripheral collisions, the Ru + Ru and Zr + Zr systems exhibited maximum differences of 4% and 5%, respectively, when comparing different parametrization cases. Furthermore, neutron-proton correlation has been studied, showing a sensitivity to nuclear structure comparable to proton-proton correlations. Our results indicate that in peripheral collisions, there may be measurable effects of momentum correlation functions from nuclear deformation and neutron skin in high-precision experimental data, whereas in central collisions, both effects may show negligible influence on momentum correlation functions.

288

Within the framework of the dinuclear system (DNS) model by implementing the cluster transfer into the dissipation process, we systematically investigated the energy spectra and the angular distribution of the preequilibrium clusters (n, p, d, t, ³He, α, ^6,7Li, ^8,9Be) in the massive transfer reactions of ¹²C+²⁰⁹Bi, ¹⁴N+¹⁵⁹Tb, ¹⁴N+¹⁶⁹Tm, ¹⁴N+¹⁸¹Ta, ¹⁴N+¹⁹⁷Au, ¹⁴N+²⁰⁹Bi, ^58,64,72Ni+¹⁹⁸Pt near the Coulomb barrier energies. It was found that the neutron emission is the most probable in comparison with the charged particles, and the α yields are comparable to the hydrogen isotopes in magnitude. Preequilibrium clusters are mainly produced from projectile-like and target-like fragments during the evolution of the dinuclear system. The kinetic energy spectra manifest a Boltzmann distribution, and the Coulomb potential influences the structure. The pre-equilibrium clusters follow the angular distribution of the multinucleon transfer fragments.

204

Nuclear masses play a crucial role in both nuclear physics and astrophysics, driving sustained efforts toward precise experimental determination and reliable theoretical predictions. In this study, we compiled the newly measured masses for 296 nuclides from 40 references published between 2021 and 2024, subsequent to the release of the latest Atomic Mass Evaluation. These data were used to benchmark the performance of several relativistic and non-relativistic density functionals, including PC-PK1, TMA, SLy4, SV-min, UNEDF1, and the recently proposed PC-L3R. The results for PC-PK1 and PC-L3R were obtained using the state-of-the-art deformed relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory in continuum (DRHBc), whereas the others were adopted from the existing literature. It was found that the DRHBc calculations with PC-PK1 and PC-L3R achieved an accuracy better than 1.5 MeV, outperforming the other functionals, which all exhibited root-mean-square deviations exceeding 2 MeV. The odd-even effects and isospin dependence in these theoretical descriptions were examined. The PC-PK1 and PC-L3R descriptions were qualitatively similar, exhibiting robust isospin dependence along the isotopic chains. Finally, a quantitative comparison between the PC-PK1 and PC-L3R results is presented, with the largest discrepancies analyzed in terms of the potential energy curves from the constrained DRHBc calculations.

116

A heavy-ion time-of-flight spectrometer called HiToF, with magnet focusing accomplished by a quadrupole triplet lens, was constructed at the Beijing Tandem Accelerator National Laboratory, mainly for studies of multi-nucleon transfer reactions at energies near the Coulomb barrier. The spectrometer was equipped with a rotating chamber with a diameter of 40 cm and could be rotated over a large angular range from -40° to 160°. The length from the target to the focal plane is 2.7 m, enabling high-precision time-of-flight measurements using two micro-channel-plate detectors with a 1.9 m apart and a typical time resolution of 120 ps. A multisampling position-sensitive ionization chamber for ΔE-E measurement is placed on the focal plane, which offers a ΔZ/Z resolution of 150. The setup provided a maximum solid angle ΔΩ = 20 msr. An experiment on ³²S + ^90,94Zr at a beam energy of 135 MeV was performed to test the performance. The projectile-like ions were identified with a mass resolution of σ = 0.2 amu. The results showed that the HiToF spectrometer is a powerful setup for studying heavy-ion reaction mechanisms at low energies.

137

To study the uncertainty quantification of resonant states in open quantum systems, we developed a Bayesian framework by integrating a reduced basis method (RBM) emulator with the Gamow coupled-channel (GCC) approach. The RBM, constructed via eigenvector continuation and trained on both bound and resonant configurations, enables the fast and accurate emulation of resonance properties across the parameter space. To identify the physical resonant states from the emulator’s output, we introduce an overlap-based selection technique that effectively isolates true solutions from background artifacts. By applying this framework to unbound nucleus ⁶Be, we quantified the model uncertainty in the predicted complex energies. The results demonstrate relative errors of 17.48% in the real part and 8.24% in the imaginary part, while achieving a speedup of four orders of magnitude compared with the full GCC calculations. To further investigate the asymptotic behavior of the resonant-state wavefunctions within the RBM framework, we employed a Lippmann–Schwinger (L–S)-based correction scheme. This approach not only improves the consistency between eigenvalues and wavefunctions but also enables a seamless extension from real-space training data to the complex energy plane. By bridging the gap between bound-state and continuum regimes, the L–S correction significantly enhances the emulator’s capability to accurately capture continuum structures in open quantum systems.

121

Solving the Dirac equation has played an important role in many areas of fundamental physics. In this work, we present the Dirac equation solver DiracSVT, which solves the Dirac equation with Scalar, Vector, and tensor nuclear potentials in spherical coordinate space. The shooting method was used with a Runge-Kutta 4 integration scheme. The potentials are parameterized in a Woods-Saxon form, which reproduce well the known single-particle states around all doubly-magic nuclei and can be applied to study the shell evolution of exotic nuclei. The code can be easily extended to the study of other systems, including atomic, hadron, and molecular physics.

129

This study addresses a challenge of parametrizing a resolution function of a neutron beam from the neutron time of flight facility n_TOF at CERN. A difficulty stems from a fact that a resolution function exhibits rather strong variations in shape, over approximately ten orders of magnitude in neutron energy. To avoid a need for a manual identification of the appropriate analytical forms – hindering past attempts at its parametrization – we take advantage of the versatile machine learning techniques. Specifically, we parametrized it by training a multilayer feedforward neural network, relying on a key idea that such network acts as a universal approximator. The proof of concept is presented for a resolution function for the first experimental area of the n_TOF facility from the third phase of its operation. We propose an optimal network structure for a resolution function in question, which is also expected to be optimal or near-optimal for other experimental areas and for different phases of n_TOF operation. To reconstruct several resolution function forms in common use from a single parametrized form, we provide a practical tool in the form of a specialized C++ class encapsulating the computationally efficient procedures suited to the task.

122

In this study, the fission properties of ¹⁸⁰Hg were investigated based on Skyrme density functional theory (DFT). The impact of the high-order hexadecapole moment (q₄₀) was observed at large deformations. With the q₄₀ constraint, smooth and continuous potential energy surfaces (PES) could be obtained. In particular, the hexadecapole moment constraint is essential for obtaining appropriate scission configurations. The static fission path based on the PES supports the asymmetric fission of ¹⁸⁰Hg. The asymmetric distribution of the fission yields of ¹⁸⁰Hg was reproduced by the time-dependent generator coordinate method (TDGCM) and agreed well with the experimental data.

141

The fusion dynamics of ⁶Li and ⁷Li projectiles incident on the ¹³C and ¹²C targets, respectively, near the Coulomb barrier, were investigated theoretically using the antisymmetrized molecular dynamics (AMD) model. Within the AMD framework, the ground-state configurations of ⁶Li and ⁷Li exhibit pronounced deformation characterized by well-developed d+α and t+α clustering structures, respectively. Reaction simulations were performed across a center-of-mass energy range of 3-7.6 MeV, encompassing the fusion barrier region. The total fusion cross-sections computed as a function of collision energy demonstrate favorable quantitative agreement with the experimental values at energies above the Coulomb barrier. Additionally, a detailed comparison was made of the partial cross sections into specific residual fragments predicted by AMD at different center-of-mass energies. The AMD model provides a robust microscopic description of light-heavy-ion fusion dynamics and captures the role of extended density distributions and cluster correlations within interacting nuclei.

139

The neutron excess effect, originating from the vanishing of one part of τ₁·τ₂ operator matrix elements, was appropriately considered within the Skyrme-type ΛNN three-body interactions and applied to the deformed SHF model. Analysis of a broad range of hypernuclei, from light to heavy masses, shows that the neutron excess effect significantly improves the description of Λ binding energies. The underlying mechanism involves reducing the ΛNN three-body repulsive interaction by subtracting the neutron excess term, thereby improving the binding energy of the hypernucleus. In addition, the impact of this effect on the Λ single-particle potential and the hyperon density distribution is discussed.

120

To overcome the difficulty and high cost of some specific isotopic targets, a substitution method was proposed to measure the cross section of the (γ, n) reactions. Considering that the natural copper element (^natCu) only has ⁶³Cu and ⁶⁵Cu isotopes, the ⁶⁵Cu(γ, n)⁶⁴Cu reaction was taken as an example to test the substitution method. Using quasi-monoenergetic γ beams provided by the Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source (SLEGS) of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), ^natCu(γ, n) was measured from Eγ=11.09 MeV to 17.87 MeV. Furthermore, based on the ⁶³Cu(γ, n) reaction measured using the same experimental setup at SLEGS, ⁶⁵Cu(γ, n)⁶⁴Cu was extracted using the substitution method. The abundance variation of natural copper, showing a significant influence on the cross section, was also investigated. The results were compared to the existing experimental data measured by bremsstrahlung and positron annihilation in-flight sources, and the TALYS 2.0 predictions. The γ strength function (γSF) of ⁶⁵Cu was obtained from the ⁶⁵Cu(γ, n) data, and the reaction cross section of ⁶⁴Cu(n, γ) was further calculated.

146

In this study, we calculated the photon-absorption cross-sections of even-even neodymium (Nd) isotopes using the Dirac Quasiparticle Finite Amplitude Method (relativistic QFAM), combined with the Tiny Smearing Approximation (TSA) method. This approach enables the efficient reproduction of experimental photon-absorption data for both spherical and deformed nuclei. We demonstrate that relativistic QFAM calculations with any smearing parameter γ can be scaled using the TSA method, significantly reducing the computational cost. Our method was applied to Nd isotopes, with experimental data reproduced for ^{142,144,146,148,150}Nd and predictions for ¹⁵²Nd. By optimizing the three key parameters, the total χ² between the calculations and experimental data was reduced by nearly an order of magnitude. Furthermore, the role of nuclear deformation in the Giant Dipole Resonance (GDR) structure was analyzed, highlighting its impact on the emergence of double peaks in the photon-absorption cross-sections of deformed nuclei. This work provides a robust microscopic approach to improve photonuclear data for applications in nuclear physics and astrophysics.

119

171

Introduction — Nuclei near and beyond the proton drip line represent a fascinating frontier in the nuclear landscape. Proton-rich nuclei exhibit intriguing phenomena, such as the Thomas-Ehrman shift and proton-halo structure. Beyond the proton drip line, nuclei become unbound, allowing protons to be emitted and giving rise to novel radioactive decay modes. Single-proton radioactivity, a process in which some nuclei with an odd number of protons (Z) decay by ejecting a proton, was discovered several decades ago and has been extensively studied [1, 2]. In comparison, two-proton (2p) radioactivity, which involves the simultaneous emission of two protons from some even-Z nuclei, was discovered in 2002 [3, 4]. This most recently identified decay mode, along with related phenomena, remains an active topic of research in nuclear physics [5-18]. More recently, multiproton emission processes – such as three-, four-, and five-proton emission – have been observed in the decays of some extremely neutron-deficient nuclei. These exotic decay modes provide powerful spectroscopic tools for probing the structure and decay properties of proton-rich nuclei far from the valley of stability, serving as ideal laboratories to explore exotic nuclear phenomena and test open quantum system theories under extreme conditions.

148

Jing-Yu Tang，Xiao-Cong Ai，Liu-Pan An，Shi-Zhong An，Yu Bai，Zheng-He Bai，Olga Bakina，Jian-Cong Bao，Varvara Batozskaya，Anastasios Belias，Maria Enrica Biagini，Li-Gong Bian，Denis Bodrov，Anton Bogomyagkov，Manuela Boscolo，Igor Boyko，Ze-Xin Cao，Serkant Cetin，Marina Chadeeva，Ming-Xuan Chang，Qin Chang，Dian-Yong Chen，Fang-Zhou Chen，Hai Chen，Hua-Xing Chen，Jin-Hui Chen，Long Chen，Long-Bin Chen，Qi Chen，Qu-Shan Chen，Shao-Min Chen，Wei Chen，Ying Chen，Zhi Chen，Shan Cheng，Si-Bo Cheng，Tong-Guang Cheng，Lian-Rong Dai，Ling-Yun Dai，Xin-Chen Dai，Achim Denig，Igor Denisenko，Denis Derkach，Heng-Tong Ding，Ming-Hui Ding，Xiao Ding，Liao-Yuan Dong，YOng Du，Prokhor Egorov，Kuan-Jun Fan，Si-Yuan Fan，Shuang-Shi Fang，Zhu-Jun Fang，Song Feng，Xu Feng，Hai-Bing Fu，Hai-Bing Fu，Jun Gao，Yuan-Ning Gao，Zi-Han Gao，Cong Geng，Li-Sheng Geng，Hai-Liang Gong，Jia-Ding Gong，Li Gong，Shao-Kun Gong，Sergi Gonzàlez-Solís，Bo-Xing Gou，Duan Gu，Hao Guo，Jun Guo，Teng-Jun Guo，Xin-Heng Guo，Yu-Hui Guo，Yu-Ping Guo，Zhi-Hui Guo，Selcuk Haciomeroglu，Eiad Hamwi，Cheng-Dong Han，Ting-Ting Han，Xi-Qing Hao，Chong-Chao He，Ji-Bo He，Tian-Long He，Xiao-Gang He，Masahito Hosaka，Kai-Wen Hou，Zhi-Long Hou，Dong-Dong Hu，Hai-Ming Hu，Hao Hu，Qi-Peng Hu，Tong-Ning Hu，Xiao-Cheng Hu，Yu Hu，Zhen Hu，Da-Zhang Huang，Fei Huang，Guang-Shun Huang，Liang-Sheng Huang，Peng-Wei Huang，Rui-Xuan Huang，Xing-Tao Huang，Xue-Lei Huang，Zhi-Cheng Huang，Wang Ji，Peng-Kun Jia，Sen Jia，Ze-Kun Jia，Hong-Ping Jiang，Hou-Bing Jiang，Jian-Bin Jiao，Ming-Jie Jin，Su-Ping Jin，Yi Jin，Daekyoung Kang，Xian-Wei Kang，Xiao-Lin Kang，Leonid Kaptari，Onur Bugra Kolcu，Ivan Koop，Evgeniy Kravchenko，Yury Kudenko，Meike Küßner，Yong-Bin Leng，Eugene Levichev，Chao Li，Chun-Yuan Li，Chun-Hua Li，Hai Tao Li，Hai-Bo Li，Hang-Zhou Li，Heng-Ne Li，Hong-Lei Li，Hui-Jing Li，Hui-Lin Li，Jia-Rong Li，Jin Li，Lei Li，Min Li，Pei-Rong Li，Pei-Lian Li，Ren-Kai Li，Sang-Ya Li，Shu Li，Teng Li，Tian-You Li，Wei-Wei Li，Weiwei Li，Wen-Jun Li，Wen-Jun Li，Xin Li，Xin-Qiang Li，Xin-Bai Li，Xuan Li，Xun-Feng Li，Yan-Feng Li，Ya-Xuan Li，Ying Li，Yu-Bo Li，Jian Liang，Xiao Liang，Yu Liang，Ze-Rui Liang，Chuang-Xin Lin，De-Xu Lin，Ting Lin，Yu-Gen Lin，Chao Liu，Chao Liu，Chia-Wei Liu，Gang-Wen Liu，Hang Liu，Hong-Bang Liu，Jian-Bei Liu，Jian-Dang Liu，Lang-Tian Liu，Liang-Chen Liu，Ming-Yi Liu，Shu-Bin Liu，Tao Liu，Tian-Bo Liu，Xiang Liu，Xiao-Yu Liu，Xin Liu，Xu-Yang Liu，Yan-Rui Liu，Yan-Lin Liu，Yan-Wen Liu，Yi Liu，Yuan Liu，Zhan-Wei Liu，Zhao-Feng Liu，Zhi-Qing Liu，Zi-Rui Liu，Zuo-Wei Liu，Cai-Dian Lu，Miao-Ran Lu，Peng-Cheng Lu，Yu Lu，Qing Luo，Tao Luo，Tao Luo，Xiao-Feng Luo，Hui-Hui Lv，Xiao-Rui Lyu，Bo-Qiang Ma，Cheng-Long Ma，Shao-Hang Ma，Teng Ma，Wen-Bin Ma，Yu Meng，Meng-Xu Fan，Xue-Ce Miao，Mauro Migliorati，Catia Milardi，Taisiya Mineeva，Yi-Hao Mo，Hector Gisbert Mullor，Elaf Musa，Satoshi Nakamura，Alexey Nefediev，Yuan-Cun Nie，Kazuhito Ohmi，M. Padmanath，Pavel Pakhlov，Jian Pang，Emilie Passemar，Guo-Xi Pei，Hua Pei，Hai-Ping Peng，Liang Peng，Rong-Gang Ping，Bernard Pire，Vindhyawasini Prasad，Bin-Bin Qi，Zhi-Jun Qi，Yi Qian，Cong-Feng Qiao，Jia-Jia Qin，Long-Yu Qin，Qin Qin，Xiao-Shuai Qin，Fedor Ratnikov，Craig Roberts，Antonio Rodríguez-Sánchez，Yury Rogovsky，Platon Rogozhin，Pablo Roig，Man-Qi Ruan，Jorge Segovia，Feng-Lei Shang，Lei Shang，Jian-Feng Shangguan，Ding-Yu Shao，Ming Shao，Zhuo-Xia Shao，Cheng-Ping Shen，Hong-Fei Shen，Xiao-Min Shen，Zhong-Tao Shen，Cai-Tu Shi，Jia-Lei Shi，Rui-Xiang Shi，Yu-Kun Shi，Shuo-Tian Lyu，Zong-Guo Si，Luiz Vale Silva，Mikhail Skamarokha，Jun-Chao Su，Guang-Bao Sun，Jun-Feng Sun，Kun Sun，Li Sun，Ming-Kai Sun，Rui Sun，Xu-Lei Sun，Yin-Gao Tang，Ze-Bo Tang，Wei Tao，Valery Telnov，Jiaxiu Teng，Yuriy Tikhonov，Cheng-Ying Tsai，Timofey Uglov，Vincenzo Vagnoni，German Valencia，Guan-Yue Wan，An-Xin Wang，Bin Wang，Cheng-Zhe Wang，En Wang，Hong-Jin Wang，Jia Wang，Jie Wang，Jun-Zhang Wang，Lei Wang，Lei Wang，Lin Wang，Qian Wang，Qian Wang，Sheng-Quan Wang，Sheng-Yuan Wang，Shi-Kang Wang，Wei Wang，Wei-Ping Wang，Xiang-Peng Wang，Xia-Yu Wang，Xiong-Fei Wang，Ya-Qian Wang，Yu-Ming Wang，Yu-Hao Wang，Zeren Simon Wang，Zhi Wang，Zhi-Gang Wang，Zhi-Yong Wang，Zi-Yu Wang，Zi-Rui Wang，Bing-Feng Wei，Shao-Qing Wei，Shu-Yi Wei，Xiao-Min Wei，Ya-Jing Wei，Ye-Long Wei，Ulrich Wiedner，Jia-Jun Wu，Jun Wu，Qun Wu，Sang Wu，Xin Wu，Xing-Gang Wu，Xuan Wu，Yong-Cheng Wu，Yu-Sheng Wu，Lei Xia，Zhi-Gang Xiao，Chun-Jie Xie，Kai-Bo Xie，Zi-Yu Xiong，Ji Xu，Lai-Lin Xu，Shu-Sheng Xu，Xin Xu，Yue Xu，Liang Yan，Wen-Biao Yan，Xue-Qing Yan，Chi Yang，Hai-Jun Yang，Hong-Tao Yang，Jun Yang，Jun Yang，Peng-Hui Yang，Shuai Yang，Tao Yang，Wei-Hua Yang，Xing-Hua Yang，Xue-Ting Yang，Yue-Ling Yang，Zhen-Wei Yang，Zhong-Juan Yang，De-Liang Yao，Zao-Chen Ye，Kai Yi，Li Yi，Li-Xin Yin，Zheng-Yun You，Chen Yu，Ze Yu，Jing Yuan，You-Jin Yuan，Nefedov Yury，Yi-Feng Zeng，Wang-Mei Zha，Ai-Lin Zhang，Ding-Yue Zhang，Guang-Yi Zhang，Guo-Heng Zhang，Hai-Yan Zhang，Hao-Ran Zhang，Hong-Hao Zhang，Hui-Bin Zhang，Jia-Lian Zhang，Jian-Rong Zhang，Jian-Hui Zhang，Jian-Yu Zhang，Jie-Lei Zhang，Lei Zhang，Liang Zhang，Ling-Hua Zhang，Lin-Hao Zhang，Ning Zhang，Qiu-Yan Zhang，Quan-Zheng Zhang，Rui Zhang，Rui-Yang Zhang，Shao-Ru Zhang，Sheng-Hui Zhang，Shu-Lei Zhang，Wen-Chao Zhang，Xiao-Yang Zhang，Xiao-Ming Zhang，Xiao-Tao Zhang，Xin Zhang，Xin-Hui Zhang，Yan-Xi Zhang，Ya-Teng Zhang，Yi-Hao Zhang，Yi-Fei Zhang，Yu Zhang，Yu Zhang，Yu-Mei Zhang，Zhen-Yu Zhang，Zhi-Qing Zhang，Zhi-Cai Zhang，Jia-Yao Zhao，Ming-Gang Zhao，Qiang Zhao，Rui-Guang Zhao，Yang-Cheng Zhao，Ze-Xuan Zhao，Zheng-Guo Zhao，Alexey Zhemchugov，Bo Zheng，Jing-Xin Zheng，Liang Zheng，Ran Zheng，Xu-Chang Zheng，Yang-Heng Zheng，Bin Zhong，Dai-Cui Zhou，De-Min Zhou，Hang Zhou，Hao Zhou，Jian Zhou，Jian-Xin Zhou，Qin-Song Zhou，Shi-Yu Zhou，Xiang Zhou，Xiao-Kang Zhou，Xiao-Rong Zhou，Ya-Jin Zhou，Yi Zhou，Yi-Mei Zhou，Ze-Ran Zhou，Bing Zhu，Jing-Yu Zhu，Jing-Ya Zhu，Lin Zhu，Rui-Lin Zhu，Xing-Hao Zhu，Ying-Chun Zhu，Zian Zhu，Mikhail Zobov，Yang Zong，Bing-Song Zou，Ye Zou，Jian Zu

Electron–positron colliders operating in the GeV center-of-mass range, or tau-charm energy region, have been proven to enable competitive frontier research due to several unique features. With the progress of high-energy physics in the last two decades, a new-generation Tau-Charm factory, called the Super Tau-Charm Facility (STCF), has been actively promoted by the particle physics community in China. STCF has the potential to address fundamental questions such as the essence of color confinement and the matter–antimatter asymmetry within the next decades. The main design goals of the STCF are a center-of-mass energy ranging from 2 to 7 GeV and a peak luminosity surpassing 5 × 10³⁴ cm^-2s^-1 that is optimized at a center-of-mass energy of 4 GeV, which is approximately 50 times that of the currently operating Tau-Charm factory—BEPCII. The STCF accelerator has two main parts: a double-ring collider with a crab-waist collision scheme and an injector that provides top-up injections for both electron and positron beams. As a typical third-generation electron–positron circular collider, the STCF accelerator faces many challenges in both accelerator physics and technology. In this paper, the conceptual design of the STCF accelerator complex is presented, including the ongoing efforts and plans for technological research and development, as well as the required infrastructure. The STCF project aims to secure support from the Chinese central government for its construction during the 15th Five-Year Plan (2026-2030).

137